沙性土壤设施桃树减肥增效技术研究

沙性土壤设施桃树化肥过量施用普遍,需探寻化肥减施增效技术。采用田间小区试验,研究商品有机肥(OF)、生物有机肥(BOF)、平衡施肥(BF)和技术集成模式(MF)在化肥减施30%基础上对桃树产量、品质和土壤性状的影响。与常规施肥相比,OF、BOF、BF和MF处理分别可增产4.5%、3.4%、1.5%和9.1%,MF处理为显著增产。OF和MF处理可改善果实可溶性糖和硝酸盐含量,BF处理改善硝酸盐含量效果显著。BF和BOF处理可显著削减土壤过剩速效磷钾养分和盐分,而OF和MF处理也可降低速效磷钾养分,但能略增加土壤硝态氮含量并显著增加有机质含量。各减肥增效处理均能改善土壤微生物性状,MF处理对土壤微生物数量、活性和多样性的改善效果最佳,其次为BOF和OF处理,最后为BF处理。相关性分析显示,减肥增效措施增产提质主要归结于降低土壤速效磷钾养分和盐分及显著改善土壤有机质和生物肥力性状。根据肥本和增产效益,MF可增收0.83万元/hm²,其次为BOF（0.54万元/hm²）和BF（0.53万元/hm²）,最后为OF处理（0.20万元/hm²）。因此,有机肥、生物有机肥和平衡施肥集成的减肥增效技术模式适用于沙性土壤设施桃树。

The Technology of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Increasing Economic Benefit of Protected Peach in Sandy Soil

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers is common in protected cultivation of peach in sandy soil. It is necessary to explore the technology of reducing chemical fertilizer and increasing economic benefit. A field experiment was carried out in a greenhouse to study the effects of commercial organic fertilizer (OF), bio-organic fertilizer (BOF), balanced fertilization (BF) and integrated mode of fertilization technology (MF) under the condition of reducing chemical fertilizer nutrients by 30% on peach yield, fruit quality and soil properties. Compared with conventional fertilization (CK), OF, BOF, BF and MF treatments increased peach yield by 4.5%, 3.4%, 1.5% and 9.1%, respectively. MF treatment significantly increased yield. OF and MF treatments improved fruit soluble sugar and nitrate, while BF treatment significantly improved fruit nitrate. BF and BOF treatments significantly reduced the excess available P, available K and salt content in soil. OF and MF treatments decreased available P and K content but slightly increased nitrate N content and significantly increased organic matter content. MF treatment had the best improving effect on soil microbial abundance, activity, and diversity, followed by BOF and OF treatments, and finally was BF treatment. Correlation analysis showed that the improvement of fruit yield and quality was mainly attributed to the decrease of soil available P, available K, and salt content and the significant improvement of soil biological fertility. According to fertilizer costs and economic benefits, MF treatment increased income by 8300 yuan/hm², followed by BOF treatment (5400 yuan/hm²) and BF treatment (5300 yuan/hm²), and finally OF treatment (2000 yuan/hm²). Therefore, the integrated mode of organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, and balanced fertilization is suitable for protected cultivation of peach in sandy soil.