硇洲岛海区礁膜的营养成分分析与营养评价

为了解不同采集时间与排放配子前后硇洲岛海区礁膜（Monostroma nitidum）的营养组分及变化，对差异处理后的礁膜主要营养成分、氨基酸组成及矿物质含量进行测定，并进行营养学评价。结果表明:礁膜的碳水化合物（41.88%～46.10%）和矿物质（28.68%～40.69%）含量较高，蛋白质含量为5.10%～9.29%，粗纤维和脂肪含量较低，分别占藻体干质量的0.94%～4.94%和0.60%～1.82%。不同处理礁膜的总糖含量无显著差异（P > 0.05），而蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维和灰分含量均差异显著（P < 0.05）；4月下旬采集的礁膜碳水化合物含量较高，与中旬采集的相比差异显著（P < 0.05）。礁膜的氨基酸种类齐全，呈味氨基酸含量丰富（占氨基酸总量的46.16%～48.14%）。4月下旬采集的礁膜必需氨基酸组成基本符合FAO标准，氨基酸评分为72.63。排放配子后礁膜蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪含量分别减少45.10%、2.04%和4.95%，而总糖、粗纤维和灰分分别增加11.47%、72.34%和15.96%。礁膜的Na、P、Ca、Mg、K和Fe等矿质元素含量较高。礁膜富含膳食纤维，蛋白模式理想，矿物质含量丰富，各营养成分含量因采集时间不同及配子排放而变化的程度存在差异。

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Contents in Monostroma nitidum in Naozhou Sea Area,Zhanjiang

Monostroma nitidum samples collected in the Naozhou sea area, Zhanjiang, Guangdong province were treated differently and their main nutrient composition, amino acids content and mineral composition were determined to evaluate their nutritional values. The results showed that the contents of carbohydrate (41.88%－46.10%) and minerals (28.68%－40.69%) in all the samples were higher. The contents of protein varied from 5.10% to 9.29% and the contents of crude fiber (0.94%－4.94%) and fats (0.60%－1.82%) were lower. The contents of protein, fat, crude fiber and minerals were significantly different between the samples (P < 0.05), while the total sugar content was not significantly different. Significant difference in carbohydrate content was only detected in the samples collected at different time. Although all the samples of M. nitidum contained low protein, the amino acid analysis showed they all had a complete set of amino acids, with the contents of seven essential amino acids accounting for 40.51%－41.48% of the total content of amino acids. The contents of flavor amino acids were higher in the samples of M. Nitidum, accounting for 46.16%－48.14% of the total content of amino acids. The essential amino acid composition of the sample collected in late April was basically agreeable with the FAO model standard, and its amino acid score was 72.63, the highest in all the samples. After the release of gametes, the contents of protein, carbohydrate and fats in M. Nitidum decreased by 45.10%, 2.04% and 4.95%, respectively, whereas the contents of total sugar, crude fiber and minerals increased by 11.47%, 72.34% and 15.96%, respectively. The contents of mineral elements such as sodium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron in M. nitidum were quite high. M. nitidum was rich in dietary fiber, with ideal protein pattern and abundant mineral elements. The nutrient contents in M. nitidum varied with the collection time and whether the gametes were released or not.