抗寒节水高产国审小麦新品种‘临旱8号’选育研究

针对黄淮麦区小麦生育期内干旱缺水、低温冻害、倒春寒及干热风等灾害频发的生态环境,重点围绕聚合优质高产、抗逆广适的目标,为该麦区培育具有优良综合性状的小麦新品种。采用系谱远缘杂交育种法,以抗旱广适的‘晋麦79号’为母本,以抗旱耐寒优质的‘临旱5408’为父本进行杂交,旨在实现性状互补,累积优质基因。运用水旱地交替选择、异地生态抗逆鉴定、分子标记辅助选择育种等手段选育出小麦新品种‘临旱8号’。分子标记检测结果表明:该品种含有8个抗旱节水相关基因和10个与水分高效利用紧密连锁的标记。2017—2018年在黄淮冬麦区旱薄组区域试验中,2年区试平均产量4873.5 kg/hm²,比对照品种‘晋麦47号’增产7.0%;2018—2019年度参加黄淮冬麦区旱薄组生产试验,平均产量4656.0 kg/hm²,比对照‘晋麦47号’增产8.4%,是近年来黄淮旱地难得的好品种。该品种品质优、产量高而稳、抗逆广适性强,具有抗寒性好、成穗多、穗层整齐、透光性好、熟相好等特点。于2020年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定（审定编号:国审麦202000033号）,适宜黄淮旱地麦区的山西晋南、陕西宝鸡、咸阳、铜川和河南及河北沧州旱地种植。

Breeding of Nationally Approved Wheat Variety ‘Linhan 8’ with Cold Resistance,Water Saving and High Yield

Aiming at the ecological environment with high frequency of drought, freezing damage, cold in spring, dry hot wind and other adverse factors in HuangHuai wheat region, we focused on the aggregation of wheat characteristics such as high quality, high yield, adversity resistance and wide adaption, and bred varieties suitable for the region. Taking widely adaptive and high quality ‘Jinmai 79’ as the female parent, and drought resistant, freezing resistant and high quality ‘Linhan 5408’ as the male parent, cross breeding was carried out to achieve the complementarity of the characteristics and the aggregation of the high quality genes. ‘Linhan 8’ was selected with the methods of pedigree and distant hybridization, alternative selection between irrigation and dryland field, appraisal under different ecological sites, and molecular marker assistance. Molecular genetic test showed that ‘Linhan 8’ had 8 drought resistant and water saving relative genes and 10 markers highly linked with high water utilization. The yield of the regional trial in HuangHuai drought and barren area for winter wheat reached 4873.5 kg/hm², increased by 7.0% compared with that of ‘Jinmai 47’ in 2017-2018. The yield of the production trial reached 4656.0 kg/hm², increased by 8.4% compared with that of ‘Jinmai 47’ in 2018-2019. ‘Linhan 8’ was approved by the State Crop Variety Certification Commission with GuoShenMai No. 202000033. This variety has the characteristics of high quality, high and stable yield, drought resistance, strong resistance to adversity and wide adaptability. It also has certain cold resistance, a large number of panicles, net panicle layers, good light transmission and favorable maturity appearance. The variety is suitable for planting in Huang-Huai drought and barren area such as Jinnan in Shanxi Province, Baoji, Xianyang, Tongchuan in Shannxi Province, Henan Province, and the drought and barren field in Cangzhou of Hebei Province.