氮磷钾施肥水平对百合切花与籽球品质的影响

为比较氮磷钾肥对百合切花与籽球生长的影响,以OT百合品种‘黄金甲’为试验材料,研究氮、磷、钾肥不同施肥水平对百合切花和籽球品质性状的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可使百合籽球的干重和围径增加,磷肥对籽球的干、鲜重及围径、直径增长有促进作用,钾肥量100、200 kg/hm²可使籽球生长量增大,但施钾300 kg/hm²会使籽球生长量减小。肥效以磷肥最明显,其次为钾肥和氮肥,磷肥施用量为50 kg/hm²时,籽球生长量最大。施用磷、钾肥可促进切花的株高、叶长、叶宽、叶面积和花径增大,而施氮处理中植株的各性状没有明显改变,钾肥与磷肥的施用量各为100 kg/hm²时肥效接近,但施磷处理的花径增大更多。综上,籽球对氮肥的需求大于切花,施用磷钾肥可提高籽球和切花品质质量,但切花与籽球对磷钾肥的肥效反应不同,磷肥施用量籽球宜为50 kg/hm²、切花宜为100 kg/hm²,钾肥则均可为100 kg/hm²,氮肥不宜单独施用。

Effects of Fertilization Levels of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium on the Quality of Cut Flowers and Bulb-lets of Lily

To compare the effects of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizers on the growth of cut flowers and bulb-lets of lily, OT lily ‘Huangjinjia’ was used as the experimental material to study the effects of different fertilization levels of a single fertilizer on the quality characteristics of cut flowers and bulb-lets of lily. The results showed that N-fertilizer increased the dry weight and girth of lily bulb, P-fertilizer promoted the growth of dry and fresh weight, girth and diameter of bulbs, and the growth of bulbs increased with the application of K-fertilizer of 100 and 200 kg/hm ², but decreased with the application of 300 kg/hm² K-fertilizer. The effect of P-fertilizer was the most obvious, followed by that of K and N fertilizer. When the application of P-fertilizer was 50 kg/hm², the bulbs had the maximum growth. P and K fertilizer could promote the increase of plant height, leaf length and width, leaf area and flower diameter in cut flowers. However, there was no significant change in the characteristics of the plants under the treatment of N-fertilizer. When the application amount of K and P fertilizer was 100 kg/hm² respectively, their efficiency was similar, but the P treatment could lead to more increase in the flower diameter. In summary, the demand of N-fertilizer for bulb-lets is greater than that for cut flowers. The application of P and K fertilizer could improve the quality of bulbs and cut flowers, but the two fertilizers have different effects on cut flowers and bulb-lets. It is suggested that the suitable P-fertilizer for bulb-lets should be 50 kg/hm², and for cut flowers should be 100 kg/hm², while K-fertilizer should be 100 kg/hm²for both bulb-lets and cut flowers. N-fertilizer should not be applied separately.