基于统计数据的陕西省农业面源污染现状分析

为掌握陕西省农业面源污染现状,以期为陕西省农业面源污染提供治理方向和理论基础。立足全省2005—2018年农业统计数据,参考文献资料面源污染核算方法,研究分析肥料、农药、农膜使用量和畜禽粪尿排放量、秸秆产生量以及其投入密度、负荷。结果显示,陕西省化肥使用量和投入密度在2013年均达到峰值,分别为241.73×10⁴ t和841.98 kg/hm²;农药使用量总体呈逐年上升趋势,投入密度近年来有所降低;农膜和地膜使用量、投入密度总体表现为逐年增加,近年来增长平缓;畜禽粪尿排放量和排放负荷总体呈现持续减少的趋势,个别年份略有波动;农作物秸秆和负荷相对稳定增加,近年来变化幅度小。由此可见,陕西省农业面源污染各指标变化趋势与政策调控、技术推动呈现正相关,总体表现为降低的态势。因此,应持续优化技术、科学调整措施,减少面源污染,促进农业可持续发展。

Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Analysis in Shaanxi: Current Situation Based on Statistical Data

To understand the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution (NSP) in Shaanxi Province and provide a theoretical basis for controlling the agricultural non-point source pollution, we analyzed the consumption of fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, the discharge of livestock wastes, and the amount of generated straw and its corresponding input intensity and load, based on the agricultural statistical data from 2005 to 2018 and NSP calculation methods provided by literature. The results showed that both the input intensity and consumption of fertilizer peaked in 2013, with 241.73×10⁴ t and 841.98 kg/hm², respectively; the pesticide consumption increased year by year and the input intensity slightly decreased in recent years; the consumption and input intensity of agricultural and plastic film overall increased yearly, and showed a stagnant increase in recent years; the amount of discharged livestock wastes and discharge load generally showed a continuous decline, slightly fluctuated in some years; the generation of crop straw and load steadily increased, yet with minor increase recently. Therefore, the NSP pattern in Shannxi demonstrates a positive correlation with policy regulations as well as technology stimulation, presenting a declining trend in general. Accordingly, top priority should be given to technology optimization and upgrade and scientific adjustment of regulations, aiming to reduce NSP and promote sustainable agriculture development.