种子处理技术对早播玉米出苗及生理特性的影响

旨在为防御玉米低温冷害提供新技术。以玉米杂交种为材料,设计16个种子处理组别,包括外源植物生长物质及复合溶液、超声波、种衣剂等。通过田间早播方式模拟低温胁迫,研究早播对玉米出苗率、SPAD值、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明,种衣剂处理显著提高了早播玉米的出苗率,植株叶绿素SPAD值明显提高。在包衣T8处理下可溶性糖含量与CK相比增加了34.24%,差异显著;在T5、T7、T8和T10包衣处理下可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了8.60%、21.72%、9.70%、19.16%,经过包衣T1、T2、T3、T10、T14、T15处理,过氧化物酶活性有所提高,种子包衣处理组缓解低温损伤效果显著。综上来看,种子引发、超声波处理及种子包衣技术的综合策略提高了早播玉米的抗低温能力,为玉米防灾减损提供了途径。

Seed Treatment: Effects on Emergence and Physiological Traits of Early-sowing Maize

To provide new technologies for the resistance to low temperature damage of maize, the hybrid seeds of maize were used as materials, 16 groups of seed treatment were designed, including exogenous plant growth materials, compound solutions, ultrasonic wave, seed coating agents and so on. The low temperature stress was simulated by early sowing in the field. The effects of early sowing on the emergence rate, SPAD value, soluble sugar, soluble protein and peroxidase activity were studied. The results showed that the emergence rate of early-sowing maize significantly increased with seed-coating agent. The SPAD value of plant chlorophyll also significantly increased. For T8 coating treatment, the soluble sugar content significantly increased by 34.24%, compared with CK. For T5, T7, T8 and T10 coating treatment, the soluble protein content increased by 8.60%, 21.72%, 9.70% and 19.16%, respectively. For T1, T2, T3, T10, T14 and T15 treatment, the peroxidase activity increased compared with CK. All treatment groups with seed coating agents had significant effects on alleviating low temperature damage. Totally, the integrated strategies of seed priming, ultrasonic treatment and seed coating technology can improve the cold resistance of early sowing maize.