雌雄同株黄檗有性繁殖特性研究

一般认为黄檗为严格的雌雄异株植物,但本研究首次发现自然界存在两性植株。为了研究两性植株的有性繁殖能力,以两性植株为试材,雌株和雄株为对照,对两性植株性器官形态和繁殖能力进行了研究。通过2年对5000余朵花的研究发现：（1）两性植株的花粉和柱头与雄株和雌株在形态和发育上没有差异,花粉的萌发率在23%以上,与雄株花粉基本一致;（2）两性植株花粉授粉至雌株后得果率为86.69%,两性植株雌花在接受雄株花粉后的得果率为91.30%,自然受粉条件下的得果率为95.69%,自交授粉的得果率为88.01%。两性植株雄性和雌性都能正常繁殖,也可以成功自交繁殖。本研究为黄檗性别分化研究提供了新方向,为其生物保护提供了新途径。

Monoecious Phellodendron Amurense Rupr.: Sexual Reproduction Characteristics

Phellodendron amurense Rupr. is strictly considered as a kind of dioecious plants. However, for the first time, the authors discovered monoecious P.amurense existing in the natural world. Aiming to study the sexual reproduction ability of monoecious plants, the authors used monoecious plants as experimental objects, and focused on researching both the sexual organs morphology and reproduction in contrast to female and male plants. A two-year study on over 5000 flowers found: (1) monoecious plants were not different from male and female plants in the morphology and development of pollen and stigmas, with a pollen germination rate over 23%, as high as that of male plants on the whole; (2) in term of the fruiting rate, female plants pollinated by monoecious plants pollen was 86.69%, the pistillate flower of monoecious plants pollinated by male plant pollen was 91.30%, the naturally pollinated ones was 95.69%, and the self-pollinated ones was 88.01%. Monoecious plants, both male and female, reproduced normally, and were selfed successfully. This study provides a new direction for research on sexual differentiation of P.amurense and a new way for biological protection.