生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施对烤烟和植烟土壤质量的影响

以云烟87为研究对象,研究了施生物炭基肥、哈茨木霉菌剂和二者配施对烟草发病率、根际土壤速效养分、土壤酶活性及烤后烟品质的影响。结果表明,生物炭基肥降低了烟草普通花叶病（TMV）的发病率,较常规施肥降低5.37个百分点;生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施可提高烟株对黑胫病（BS）和青枯病（BW）的抗性,相对防治效果分别达64.19%和64.97%;生物炭基肥处理可增加土壤有机质、速效钾、速效磷、碱解氮含量和蔗糖酶、脲酶的活性,分别较常规处理最大增加21.90%、98.09%、52.77%、60.71%、90.69%和80.78%;生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施增加了烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,中部叶较常规施肥增加2.52和3.46个百分点,上部叶较常规施肥增加了2.46和3.01个百分点;中部叶和上部叶的钾氯比较常规施肥分别增加16.51%和19.24%;生物炭基肥与哈茨木霉菌剂配施能够提高烟叶多酚和中性致香物质含量,中部叶较常规施肥处理提升13.81%和11.29%,上部叶较常规施肥处理提升12.04%和8.60%。生物炭基肥和哈茨木霉菌剂配施对防治烟草病害、改善土壤养分和提升烟叶质量的效果最佳。

Effects of Combined Application of Biochar-Based Fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum on the Qualities of Flue-Cured Tobacco and Tobacco-Growing Soil

The effects of biochar-based fertilizer, Trichoderma harzianum, and the combination of the two on tobacco morbidity, rhizosphere soil available nutrients, soil enzyme activity, and flue-cured tobacco quality were studied using the Yunyan 87 as the research material. The results showed that biochar-based fertilizer could suppress the incidence of TMV which was 5.37% lower than conventional fertilization. The combined application of biochar-based fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum could increase the resistance of tobacco plants to black shank and bacterial wilt, with relative control effects of 64.19% and 64.97%, respectively. Biochar-based fertilizer treatment increased soil organic matter, available K, available P, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen contents, and sucrase and urease activities, which increased by 21.90%, 98.09%, 52.77%, 60.71%, 90.69% and 80.78%, respectively, compared with conventional treatment. Moreover, the combined application of biochar-based fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum increased the total sugar and reducing sugar contents of tobacco leaves, the middle leaves increased by 2.52 and 3.46 percentage points while the upper leaves increased by 2.46 and 3.01 percentage points, respectively, compared with conventional fertilization; the ratio of potassium to chloride of the middle and upper leaves were increased by 16.51% and 19.24%, respectively, compared with conventional fertilization; the combined application of biochar-based fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum could increase the contents of polyphenols and neutral aroma substances in tobacco leaves, compared with conventional fertilization treatments, the middle leaves were increased by 13.81% and 11.29% while, the upper leaves were increased by 12.04% and 8.60%, respectively. In this experiment, biochar-based fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum combined application had the best effects on controlling tobacco diseases, improving soil nutrients, and tobacco leaf quality.