不同颜色蚕豆种皮酚类物质组成及抑菌活性研究

为了提高蚕豆加工副产物的综合利用率,筛选天然多酚抑菌剂的功能原料,本试验以5种不同颜色蚕豆种皮为研究对象,比较不同颜色蚕豆种皮中酚类物质的含量、组成及抑菌活性的差异,初步探讨蚕豆种皮中发挥抑菌活性的多酚物质种类。结果表明,5种不同颜色蚕豆种皮中总酚含量为165.94~8 487.62 mg·100g^-1,总黄酮含量为11.26~209.01 mg·100g^-1,花色苷含量为1.08~65.64 mg·100g^-1。紫红蚕豆种皮总酚、花色苷含量最高,黑蚕豆总黄酮含量最高。没食子酸和原儿茶酸为蚕豆种皮中的主要酚酸物质,儿茶素、杨梅素、根皮素及槲皮素为主要的黄酮类物质,矢车菊素、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素和飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷为主要花色苷类物质,且深色蚕豆种皮具有较的高酚类物质含量。抑菌活性结果表明,深色蚕豆种皮对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制能力较强,且总酚、总黄酮含量与沙门氏菌抑菌活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而花色苷含量与大肠杆菌抑菌活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05),没食子酸及矢车菊素是发挥抑菌作用的主要物质。综上,深色蚕豆种皮含有丰富的酚类化合物,且具有较高的抑菌活性,本研究为蚕豆种皮综合加工利用提供了一定的理论基础。

Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Seed Coats of Faba Beans With Different Colors

In order to improve the utilization of by-products from faba bean,the functional raw materials of natural polyphenol antibacterial agents were screened. In this study, five different colors of faba beans seed coats were used as the research object, and the differences in the content, composition and antibacterial activity of phenolic substances in faba beans seed coats of different colors were compared. Then the types of polyphenols in broad bean seed coats with antibacterial activity were discussed. The results showed that the contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids and anthocyanins in the five samples ranged from 165.94 to 8 487.62 mg·100g^-1, from 11.26 to 209.01 mg·100g^-1, and from 1.08 to 65.64 mg·100g^-1 dry mass (DW), respectively. The seedcoats of purple and red faba bean had the highest contents of total phenolics and anthocyanins, while total flavonoids content was the highest in the seed coats of black faba bean. Gallic acid and protocatechuate were the main phenolic acid in broad bean seed coat, catechin, myricetin, phloretin and quercetin were the main flavonoids in the seed coats of faba beans, and Cyanidin, Cyanidin-3-glu, delphinidin and delphinidin-3-glu were the main anthocyanins in the seed coats of faba beans. According to analysis, the dark faba bean seed coat had a higher content of phenolics. The results of antibacterial activity showed that the dark faba beans seed coats had a strong ability to inhibit Escherichia coli and Salmonella. It was showed that the content of total phenols and total flavonoids was significantly positively correlated with the antibacterial activity of Salmonella (P<0.05), while the content of anthocyanins was significantly positively correlated with the antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli (P<0.05). Gallic acid and cyanidin are the main substances that exert antibacterial effects. In a word,the dark faba bean seed coat was rich in phenolic compounds and had high antibacterial activity. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive processing and utilization of faba bean seed coats.