杂交稻有序机抛增密减肥处理对产量及肥料偏生产力的影响

研究全程机械化条件下有序机抛技术增密减肥处理对杂交稻主要生育期地上部干物质积累、肥料偏生产力以及产量的影响。以水稻品种晶两优华占为试验材料,采用有序机抛技术,设置常规密度（D0：16万穴/hm²）、中密度（D1：19万穴/hm²）和高密度（D2：24万穴/hm²）3个移栽密度以及常规施肥处理（N0）和减量施肥处理（N1：常规施肥基础上减肥26.56%）2个施肥水平。结果表明,移栽密度和施肥量对水稻主要生育期地上部干物质积累、肥料偏生产力和产量均存在显著影响;与D0N0处理相比,D2N1处理有利于维持千粒重,协调穗、粒矛盾,且有效提高主要生育期地上部干物质量、肥料利用率（42.44%）及产量（4.47%）。相关分析表明,产量与移栽密度显著相关（r=0.53^*）,说明在减施肥料条件下,移栽密度对产量产生较大影响。在常规施肥基础上减施肥料26.56%,移栽密度24万穴/hm²,能提高水稻产量以及肥料偏生产力,为增密减肥的最佳处理。

The Effects of Ordered Machine Thickening and Reducing Fertilizer on Yield and Partial Fertilizer Productivity of Hybrid Rice

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of density-increasing and fertilizer-reducing by ordered mechanical throwing technology on aboveground dry matter accumulation, fertilizer partial productivity and yield of hybrid rice at main growth stages under full mechanization. Taking Jingliangyouhuazhan as experimental material, three transplanting densities of conventional density (D0: 1.6×10⁵ hole/ha), medium density (D1: 1.9×10⁵ hole/ha) and high density (D2: 2.4×10⁵ hole/ha) were set up by orderly mechanical polishing technology. Two fertilization treatments were conventional fertilization treatment (N0) and reduced fertilization treatment (N1: 26.56% weight loss on the basis of conventional fertilization). The results showed that transplanting density and fertilization rate had significant effects on aboveground dry matter accumulation, fertilizer partial productivity and yield at main growth stages of rice. Compared with D0N0, D2N1 was beneficial to maintain 1000-grain weight, coordinate the contradiction between panicle and grain, and effectively improved aboveground dry matter content, fertilizer utilization rate (42.44%) and yield (4.47%) in main growth stages. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between yield and transplanting density (r=0.53^*), indicating that transplanting density had a great influence on yield under the condition of reducing fertilizer application. It was concluded that a 26.56% reduction in fertilizer and a planting density of 2.4×10⁵ hole/ha based on conventional fertilization could improve rice yield and partial fertilizer productivity and was the best treatment for increasing density and reducing the fertilizer application in this study.