复配杀菌剂防治平菇尖孢镰刀菌病害的效果测定

为筛选应用于平菇栽培的高效低残留杀菌剂,本试验研究了复配杀菌剂(使百功+多菌灵、使百功+克霉灵、多菌灵+克霉灵)对尖孢镰刀菌与平菇菌丝生长的影响及其在平菇栽培中的应用效果。结果表明,3种复配杀菌剂抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长的EC₅₀值分别为3.67、4.51和7.01 mg·L^-1,均显著小于对应的单药杀菌剂;3种复配杀菌剂抑制平菇菌丝生长的EC₅₀值分别为156.41、121.97和237.38 mg·L^-1,是其抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长EC₅₀值的27~43倍。在平菇栽培发酵料中使用0.1%~0.3%的复配杀菌剂使百功+克霉灵,菌丝生长速度加快,生物学效率升高;与未添加杀菌剂处理相比,污染率降低6.1~8.8个百分点;与使百功处理相比,平菇子实体中的农药残留量降低71.8%~76.6%。综上,复配杀菌剂能有效降低平菇子实体中的农药残留,其中使百功+克霉灵复配杀菌剂效果最好,是一种高效低残留的平菇枯萎病防治药剂。

The Evaluation of Fungicide Combinations Controlling Wilt Disease of Pleutorus ostreatus Caused by Fusarium oxysporum

To screen high-efficient and low-residual fungicides for the cultivation of Pleutorus ostreatus, the influence of three fungicide combinations (Sporgon+Carbendazim, Sporgon+Mepartricin, Carbendazim+Mepartricin) on the fungal growth of Fusarium oxysporum and P. ostreatus, and their application effect in the cultivation of P. ostreatus were investigated. The results showed that the EC₅₀ of the three fungicide combinations inhibiting fungal growth of F. oxysporum were 3.67、4.51 and 7.01 mg·L^-1, lower than that of single fungicides. The EC₅₀ of the three fungicide combinations inhibiting fungal growth of P. ostreatus were 156.41、121.97 and 237.38 mg·L^-1, which are 27~43 folder than that of the EC₅₀ of their inhibition on fungal growth of F. oxysporum. Addition of three fungicide combinations (0.1%~0.3%) above in the fermented compost of P. ostreatus, the effect of fungicide combination (Sporgon+Mepartricin) is better compared to other fungicide combinations, with the fungal growth faster, biological efficiency higher; the contamination rate decreased by 6.1~8.8 percentage points compared to that of the CK; the fungicide residue in the fruiting body of P. ostreatus decreased by 71.8%~76.6% compared to that of Sporgon treatment. To sum, the fungicide combinations could reduce the fungicide residue in the fruiting body of P. ostreatus, and the fungicide combination (Sporgon+Mepartricin) is effective and low residual agent for the control of the wilt disease in the cultivation of P. ostreatus.