施氮量对酒用糯高粱品种红缨子产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

为探明贵州地区糯高粱氮肥高效利用的施肥技术,以品种红缨子为研究对象,设置0（N0）、120（N120）、240（N240）、360（N360）、480（N480）、和600kg/hm2（N600）6个施氮水平,研究了糯高粱的产量和氮素吸收利用特征。结果表明,糯高粱产量、干物质积累总量和氮素积累总量随氮素水平的提高呈先升高后降低的趋势,增施氮素较不施氮素能够显著提高糯高粱的产量、干物质积累总量和氮素积累总量,其中以N240处理增幅最大,较N0处理分别增加28.87%、35.83%和49.62%。随着施氮量的增加,糯高粱氮素表观回收率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力和产投比呈下降趋势。利用二次多项式和平方根模型分别拟合糯高粱产量和效益的施氮效应,当施氮量分别为294.5和252.6kg/hm2时产量最高,施氮量分别为168.2和132.7kg/hm2时效益最大。兼顾产量、效益及氮肥利用效率,120~240kg/hm2的氮肥施用量是适宜的。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Use Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum Cultivar "Hongyingzi"

To explore the high-efficiency utilization technology of nitrogen fertilizer in waxy sorghum in Guizhou, the yield, nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics of waxy sorghum cultivar “Hongyingzi” were studied with different nitrogen applications rates (0, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600kg/ha), numbered N0, N120, N240, N360, N480, and N600. The results showed that the yield, dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen accumulation presented the trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rates. Compared with the N0, the yield, dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen accumulation of N- application treatments significantly increased, while the treatment of N240 had the highest increase, increasing by 28.87%, 35.83%, and 49.62%, respectively. With the increasing of nitrogen application rate, nitrogen apparent recovery, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency, nitrogen recovery efficiency, nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity, and value cost ratio decreased. The quadratic polynomial and square root model were used to fit the effects of nitrogen application on yield and benefit of waxy sorghum and the highest yield was obtained by nitrogen application rates 294.5 and 252.6kg/ha, respectively. The maximum benefit was obtained by nitrogen application rates 168.2 and 132.7kg/ha. In consideration of yield, benefit, and nitrogen use efficiency, it was reasonable to apply 120-240kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer under the experimental conditions.