哺乳期犊牛健康管理

哺乳期犊牛是奶牛生命周期的开始,也是奶牛整个生命周期中最为脆弱的阶段,其健康状况可直接影响牧场的可持续发展和经营效率。在哺乳期,犊牛可面临多种疾病的挑战,但消化道疾病和呼吸道疾病是全球奶牛养殖业面临的共性问题。本文对哺乳期犊牛健康状况、初乳管理、犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病的管理进行了梳理,并对其防控提出了建议。初乳管理方面分析了影响初乳质量的因素、初乳储存与处理和饲喂管理;犊牛健康管理部分叙述了产圈管理、饲养环境和饲喂方式、营养及饲喂管理、疫苗免疫、通风、疾病早期诊断、应激管理和患犊管理。

Health Management for Pre-weaned Dairy Calves

The period of calf from birth through weaning is the beginning of dairy cattle's life cycle and the weakest period, can influence the replacement heifers and efficiency of dairy farm. The major causes of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves continue to be diarrhea,pneumonia,septicemia,navel ill,and et al. But diarrhea and pneumonia are the main challenges faced by dairy farmer all over the world. This article oriented the data of morbidity and mortality of calf,colostrum program,management of calf diarrhea and respiratory disease,and some recommendations of prevention and control strategy. Colostrum program includes factors associated with quality,colostrum collection,storage,treatment,and feeding. In the part of health management,we placed on management of maternity pen,environment,feeding,nutrition,vaccination program,ventilation,early detection of disease,stress,and management of sick calves.