2020年5月上旬高温强光照对红心猕猴桃果实生长的影响

为了探明2020年5月上旬高温、强光照天气对红心猕猴桃幼果生长发育的影响,选取贵州西部3个国家气象观测站及其红心猕猴桃主要种植区的发耳、杨梅、猴场等19个基地2020年5月上旬高温、强光照天气过程中的逐日平均温度、最高温度、日照时数、太阳辐射等实时气象资料,分析高温、强光照天气对贵州西部红心猕猴桃幼果生长发育的影响。结果表明,5月3—9日,持续高温、强光照天气,导致红心猕猴桃果实日灼病严重,以都格基地红心猕猴桃果实被高温、强光照灼伤率33.3%为最高,其次是龙河、新窑两基地,其果实灼伤率在27%以上,再次是发耳、阿戛、米箩、鸡场和岩脚基地,其果实灼伤率在22%以上。在红心猕猴桃果实生长发育期,当连续4天及以上日最高温度超过35℃、太阳总辐射超过41 MJ/m²或日照时数超过10 h时,红心猕猴桃果实易发生日灼病;在红心猕猴桃果实生长发育期,当连续3天及以上日最高温度超过38℃、太阳总辐射超过41 MJ/m²或日照时数超过11 h时,红心猕猴桃果实一定发生日灼病。

Effects of High Temperature and Strong Light on Fruit Growth of Red Cartridge Kiwifruits

In order to ascertain the effects of high temperature and strong light on the young fruit growth of red cartridge kiwifruit in early May 2020 in Guizhou, we selected the real-time meteorological data from 3 national meteorological stations and 19 township’s meteorological stations in the main planting areas of red cartridge kiwifruit in western Guizhou, including the daily average temperature, maximum temperature, sunshine duration and solar radiation in the process of high temperature and strong light, the effects of high temperature and strong light on the young fruit growth of red cartridge kiwifruit in western Guizhou were analyzed. The results showed that continuous high temperature and strong light led to serious sunburn of red cartridge kiwifruit from May 3 to 9. The highest sunburn rate of red cartridge kiwifruit was 33.3% in Duge base, and the second was more than 27% in Longhe base and Xinyao base, and third was more than 22% in the base of Faer, Aga, Miluo, Jichang and Yanjiao. During the fruit growth and development period of red cartridge kiwifruit, when the daily maximum temperature≥35℃, and the total solar radiation≥41 MJ/m² or the sunshine duration≥10 hours last for 4 days or more, the fruit of red cartridge kiwifruit is prone to sunburn, and when the daily maximum temperature≥38℃, the total solar radiation≥41 MJ/m²or the sunshine duration≥11 hours last for 3 days or more, the fruit of red cartridge kiwifruit will definitely suffer from sunburn.