叶面施氮对不同类型大豆品种氮素积累与分配的影响

为研究大豆不同类型品种叶面氮素吸收、积累与分配规律,以黑龙江省三江平原大豆主栽4种类型品种为试验材料,采用¹⁵N示踪法在大豆R₅期进行叶面施氮,探究不同施氮量及品种类型各器官对标记氮素积累与分配规律。结果表明,在4.5 kg·hm^-2施氮量条件下,大豆各器官干物质量、氮素积累量及¹⁵N积累量总体均达到最高,不同类型品种间,亚有限尖叶型茎及叶器官干物质积累量最高,亚有限圆叶型叶柄、荚皮、籽粒及全株干物质积累量最高,无限圆叶型根、茎、叶、籽粒及全株氮素积累量最高,无限尖叶型叶柄和荚皮的氮素积累量最高,亚有限圆叶型根、茎和叶柄的¹⁵N积累量最高,无限圆叶型叶¹⁵N积累量最高,无限尖叶型籽粒¹⁵N积累量最高;¹⁵N分配率与积累量在根、叶、叶柄和荚皮器官均在同一处理达到最高,而在茎和籽粒中分配率与积累量的最高值不在同一处理。说明茎和籽粒中氮素分配率在不同处理间不同,更易受到叶面施氧的影响。本研究结果为大豆叶面氮素利用机制研究及不同类型品种叶面氮肥生产应用提供了理论依据。

Effects of Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution Under Leaf Nitrogen Application in Different Kinds of Soybean Varieties

In order to study the nitrogen uptake and distribution pattern in different kinds of soybean varieties, four kinds of mainly-planted soybean varieties in Sanjiang plain of Heilongjiang province were used as test materials, and¹⁵N tracer method of leaves nitrogen application in R₅ period was adopted to investigate the nitrogen uptake and distribution of different kinds of soybean varieties and organs. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and marked nitrogen accumulation of soybean organs reached the highest level on the nitrogen application of 4.5 kg·hm^-2. In different type of varieties, the dry matter accumulation of Hefeng 50 (the emi-determinate and sharp leaf variety) reached the highest level on organs of roots, stems and leaves. The dry matter accumulation of Hefeng 48(the emi-determinate and round leaf variety) reached the highest level on organs of petioles, pod skin, seeds and the whole plant. The nitrogen accumulation of Henong 64(the indeterminate and round leaf variety) reached the highest level on organs of roots, stems, leaves, seeds and the whole plant. The nitrogen accumulation of Hefeng 55(the indeterminate and sharp leaf variety) reached the highest level on organs of petioles and pod skin. The marked nitrogen accumulation of Hefeng 48 (the emi-determinate and round leaf variety) got the highest level on organs of roots, stems and petioles. The marked nitrogen accumulation of Henong 64 (the indeterminate and round leaf variety) reached the highest level on leaf organs and Hefeng 55 (the indeterminate and sharp leaf variety) reached the highest level on seed organs. The marked nitrogen accumulation and distribution ratio reached the highest level in the same treatment on organs of roots, leaves, petioles and pod skin. As well, the highest levels of marked nitrogen accumulation and distribution ratio were not in the same treatment on organs of stem and seeds. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the leaf nitrogen utilization mechanism and production application of leaf nitrogen fertilizer in different soybean variety types.