玉米秸秆全量深翻还田地力提升技术模式实证及效益分析

以秸秆全量深翻还田技术为核心,集成精播保苗、病虫害防控、养分高效管理和机械收获等关键技术,构建了基于整个玉米种植链条的秸秆全量深翻还田地力提升技术模式,并于2018-2019年将此模式在吉林省公主岭和伊通两地18个规模经营主体进行实证。结果表明,与农民习惯操作相比,所有规模经营主体实证区应用该技术模式均表现为增产趋势,产量增幅为4.5%~11.9%,平均增产7.8%;化肥和水分生产效率平均增幅均为7.8%。由于采用规模化作业,大幅度降低了生产成本,仅秸秆深翻还田部分成本略有增加;与农民习惯操作相比,净利润增加13.0%~16.2%。表明该技术模式通过对全种植链的优化,实现了培肥、增产和增收等多重效益,可以在吉林省中南部地区大面积推广应用。

Analysis of Field Verification and Benefit on Full Maize Straw Returning with Deep Plowing Mode

This research was based on the technology by full maize straw returning with deep plowing, including some key techniques such as precision and keeping a full stand of seedlings, disease and insect control, nutrient-efficient management, and mechanical harvesting. The mode of full maize straw returning with deep plowing was established on the whole maize planting chain, it was demonstrated in 18 scale business entities of Gongzhuling and Yitong in 2018-2019 of Jilin province. The result showed that all scale business entities were the trend of increasing yield. Compared with ordinary farmers, the increase rate for yield was 4.5%-11.9% and the average increasing yield was 7.8%. Fertilizer and water efficiency increased by 7.8% on average. Because of the scale operation, the production cost was reduced largely, only full maize straw returning with deep plowing mode had increased a little. Compared with the operation of ordinary farmers, the net profit increased by 13.0%-16.2%. This indicate that the technology model realizes the multiple benefits of soil fertility cultivation, increasing yield and income by optimizing the whole planting chain, which can widely apply in the central and southern area of Jilin province.