稻虾生态种养综合效应研究进展

稻虾生态种养是一项可持续发展的生态循环农业模式,近年来发展迅速,2019年小龙虾产量达到177.25万t,养殖面积110.53万hm²。稻虾生态种养具有明显的减肥减药、减虫减害、提高土壤肥力和控制温室气体排放的生态效应。不仅可提供优质的稻米和丰富的小龙虾,提高农民收入,还可以满足人们休闲观光的需求。本文综述了稻虾生态种养的产量、面积和主要技术模式现状,从稻虾生态种养对土壤、稻田水体环境、温室气体排放、稻田病虫草害影响方面综述其生态效应,从成本、收益和投产比等方面综述其经济效应,从增收和产业升级等方面综述其社会效应,为我国进一步研究与实践稻虾生态种养提供科学参考。

Research Advance on the Comprehensive Effects of Ecological Farming of Rice and Shrimp

As a sustainable ecological cycle agriculture model, ecological farming of rice and shrimp has been developed rapidly in recent years. By 2019, shrimp output reached 1.7725×10⁶t and the area was 1.1053×10⁶ ha. It has significant ecological effects of reducing fertilizer, pesticide, pests, and plant disease, improving soil fertility, and controlling greenhouse gas emissions. It provides high-quality rice and abundant aquatic products, increases the income of farmers, meets people's leisure and sightseeing needs. This article summarized the current status of the production, area, and main technical models of rice-shrimp ecological farming. From the impact of rice and shrimp integrated farming on soil, the environment of paddy field water, greenhouse gas emissions, and rice field diseases, pests, and weeds, the ecological effects were reviewed; the economic effects were reviewed from cost, benefit, and production ratio; the social effects were reviewed from income increase, industrial upgrading, etc., aiming to provide a scientific paradigm for research and practice rice and shrimp ecological integrated planting and breeding in China.