无机氮磷减量、有机肥施用量对小麦品质性状的影响

为了探明旱作雨养条件下无机NP减量、有机肥施用量与小麦品质性状的关系,采用随机区组方法、大区对比方法分别开展了无机NP减量、有机肥及其施用量对小麦品质性状的影响研究。结果表明：传统NP配施量、传统单施N量,减量NP配施、减量单施N其籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉、面团品质均总体呈现随施肥量的增加在改善。其中NP配施传统优于减量,且籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉、面团品质（形成时间、稳定时间）存在显著差异(P＜0.05);传统单施N优于P,且籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉、面团品质存在极显著差异(P＜0.01);减量单施N优于P,且籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉、面团品质存在极显著差异(P＜0.01);同量N条件下传统、减量NP配施总体优于传统、减量单施N;传统单施N量与减量单施N、传统单施P量与P减量二者籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉、面团品质均不存在差异。2种有机肥施肥量(x)与籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉、面团品质性状(y)均呈现正相关;无机NP、有机肥不同施肥量的品质性状变异系数容重均最小,而沉降值均最大。本研究明确了无机氮磷减量、有机肥施用量与品质性状的关系,讨论分析了无机氮磷减量与品质协同改善的技术途径。该项研究可为减施化肥实现绿色种植提供理论与技术支撑。

Effect on Wheat Quality Characters: Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphate Decrement and Organic Manure Application Amount

To explore the relationship between inorganic NP decrement, organic manure application amount and wheat quality characters under non-irrigated field, the effects of inorganic NP decrement and organic manure application amount on wheat quality characters were studied with randomized block design and large-district contrast method. The results showed that the grain (protein content), flour and dough quality were improved with the application amount increase under the treatments of traditional NP application, traditional single N application, NP decrement application and single N decrement application. Among them, traditional NP was better than NP decrement, and there was significant difference in grain (protein content), flour, dough quality (formation time, stability time) (P<0.05); traditional single N application was better than traditional single P application, and there was significant difference in grain (protein content), flour, dough quality (P<0.01); single N decrement was better than single P decrement, and there was significant difference in grain (protein content), flour and dough quality (P<0.01); the traditional application and NP decrement applications were better than traditional single N application and single N decrement application with the same N dosage; there was no difference in grain (protein content), flour, dough quality between traditional single N and single N decrement, traditional single P and single P decrement were same as above. There was a positive correlation between the two kinds of organic manure application amount (x) and grain (protein content), flour, dough quality characters (y); the stability (coefficient of variation) of bulk density was the minimum with inorganic NP and different application amounts of organic manure, but the sedimentation value was the maximum. The study clarified the relationship between inorganic NP decrement, organic manure application amount and wheat quality characters, and analyzed the collaborative improvement technical way of inorganic NP decrement and wheat quality. This research could provide theoretical and technical support for reducing fertilizer application to realize green planting.