春季灌水对晋南晚播冬小麦产量和水分利用的影响

为明确灌水模式对运城盆地晚播冬小麦产量和水分利用的影响,以济麦22为供试材料,以传统播期灌2水为对照（CK）,在晚播增密条件下,设置全生育期不灌水、返青起身期1水、拔节期1水、返青起身期+开花期2水、拔节期+开花期2水共5个灌水处理,分别记为W1、W2、W3、W4和W5。结果表明,与CK相比,W1、W2和W3处理产量降低;干旱年W4和W5处理冬小麦产量显著高于CK,平水年冬小麦产量则以CK最高。晚播增密灌2水条件下,2个试验年度均以W5处理产量最高,W4处理次之,但2个处理产量差异不显著,W4处理冬小麦的成穗数、成穗率、花前营养器官干物质运转量、运转率以及对籽粒的贡献率均高于W5处理。水分利用效率以W2和W3处理最高;W4和W5处理的水分利用效率相当。综合产量、抗寒性和水分利用等方面表现,晋南冬小麦适度晚播增密未浇冬水条件下,返青起身期+开花期2水能够维持产量稳定,同时延缓冬小麦穗分化进程,提高春季抗霜冻能力。

Effects of Spring Irrigation on Yield and Water Utilization of Late-Sowing Winter Wheat in Southern Shanxi

In order to clarify the effects of irrigation patterns on water utilization and yield of late-sowing winter wheat in the Yuncheng Basin, with Jimai 22 as the material, five irrigation treatments for late-sowing winter wheat, W1 (no irrigation), W2 (irrigation at returning green stage), W3 (irrigation at jointing stage), W4 (irrigation at returning green and anthesis stages), W5 (irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages), and CK (irrigation at returning green and anthesis stages for traditional sowing winter wheat) were applied. The results showed that, the yield of late-sowing winter wheat under W1, W2 and W3 treatments were lower than that of CK in two experimental years. In the drought year, the yields of winter wheat under W4 and W5 treatments were significantly higher than that of CK, while the yield of CK was the highest in the normal year. Under the condition of late-sowing winter wheat with two irrigations, W5 treatment had the highest yield among all irrigation patterns, closely followed by the yield of W4 treatment, but the difference did not reach a significant level between them, the spike number, earbearing tiller rate, dry matter translocation amount, translocation rate, and contribution rate to grain before anthesis of late-sowing winter wheat with two irrigations for greenrising and anthesis were higher than winter wheat with two irrigations for jointing and anthesis. The water use efficiency of W2 and W3 treatments were the highest. There was no significant difference in water use efficiency between the W4 and W5 treatments. The results showed in southern Shanxi province, under the condition of late-sowing without winter water, irrigation at returning green and anthesis stages could maintain the stable production, delay the process of spike differentiation, and improve the frost resistance in the spring.