水稻主要病虫草害全程防控减量施药技术研究与探讨

通过比较水稻主要病虫草害全程防控减量施药技术的优缺点,为农药减量应用提供技术参考。试验设计非化学绿色防控技术、化学药剂及化学药剂减量加助剂3套农药减量方案。方案一,化学药剂用量合计6450 mL/hm²,本田除草剂用量占比为97.7%;方案二,化学药剂用量合计8285.55 mL/hm²,除草剂用量占比为62%;方案三,化学药剂用量6616.05 mL/hm²,除草剂用量占比为36.7%。方案一施药次数比方案二和方案三少4次,化学药剂用量分别比方案二、方案三减少1835.55 mL/hm²和166.05 mL/hm²,分别减量22.2%和2.5%。方案三与方案二相比化学药剂用量减少1669.5 mL/hm²,减量20.1%。从农药减量与防控效果上看,方案一和方案三都达到了预期效果,方案一以生物措施防控水稻潜叶蝇和水稻二化螟,防效略高于其他2个方案。

Technologies of Reducing Pesticide Application Amount in the Whole Process of Rice Diseases,Pests and Weeds Control

In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies of reducing pesticide application amount in the whole process of rice diseases, pests and weeds control were compared. Three pesticide reduction schemes were designed, including non-chemical green control technology, chemical agent and chemical agent reduction plus additives. In scheme I, the total chemical dosage was 6450 mL/hm², and the proportion of herbicide in the field was 97.7%. In scheme II, the total chemical dosage was 8285.55 mL/hm², and the proportion of herbicide was 62%. In scheme III, the chemical dosage was 6616.05 mL/hm², and the proportion of herbicide was 36.7%. The application times of scheme I were 4 times less than those of scheme II and scheme III, and the chemical dosage was 1835.55 mL/hm² and 166.05 mL/hm² less than those of scheme II and scheme III, with a reduction of 22.2% and 2.5%, respectively. Compared with scheme II, the dosage of chemical agent in scheme III was reduced by 1669.5 mL/hm². In terms of pesticide reduction and control effect, scheme I and scheme III achieved the expected result. Scheme I could control rice leaf miner and rice stem borer with biological measures, and its control effect was slightly higher than that of the other two schemes.