春玉米干物质积累和产量对播期调控下水热变化的响应

为探究春玉米(Zea mays L.)干物质积累和产量对播期调控下水热变化的响应,在河北科技师范学院试验基地,于2017—2020 年进行了4年的播期试验,以京农科728和MC812为材料,分析了播期(5月1日、5月10日、5月20日、5月30日)引起的春玉米干物质积累量、产量构成因素、产量以及水分利用率的变化。结果表明,受温度与降水影响,春玉米干物质积累量在生育前、中期随播期的推迟而下降,而灌浆后期至成熟期以5月30日播种春玉米干物质积累量最多。春玉米干物质积累动态符合Logistic模型,5月30日播种春玉米干物质积累的总持续时间和快增期持续时间均最长。有效穗数、穗粗、轴粗、穗行数和出籽率不受温度与降水的影响,但穗粒数、千粒重、穗长、行粒数受其影响显著,各指标随播期延迟先下降再上升,并以5月20日播种的春玉米最低。产量与千粒重呈显著正相关,5月30日播种的春玉米产量最高。另外,随播期的推迟,总耗水量减少,水分利用效率提高。综上可知,合理安排播期,重视降雨对春玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响,是冀东地区春玉米获得高产的重要措施。本研究为冀东地区春玉米播期选择提供了理论依据和技术支持。

Response of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield to Hydrothermal Change With Regulation of Sowing Date

In order to explore the response of dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize(Zea mays L.) to hydrothermal change regulated by sowing date, a four-year sowing date (May 1, 10, 20, 30) experiment was conducted in 2017-2020 with genotypes (“Jingnongke728” and “MC812”)at the experimental station of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology. Due to the difference in temperature and precipitation at different growth and development stages, there are changes in the dry matter accumulation amount, yield and water use efficiency of spring maize. The results showed that affected by temperature and precipitation, the dry matter accumulation of spring maize decreased with the delay of sowing date in the early and middle growth stages, but the most amount of dry matter accumulation appeared at the treatment of sowed on May 30 from mid-filling stage to maturity stage. The dry matter accumulation dynamics in spring maize was consistent with the Logistic model. The total duration of dry matter accumulation and the duration of the rapid growth period of spring maize sowed on May 30 were the longest. The effective ears number, ear diameter, corn-cob diameter, ear row number and seed rate were not affected by temperature and precipitation, while the value of grain number per ear-corn, 1 000-grain weight, ear length and row kernel number was firstly decreased and then increased with delayed sowing date, and the minimum value appeared at the treatment of sown on May 20. The yield had significant positive correlation with 1 000-grain weight, the yield was the highest in the treatment of sown on May 30. In addition, total water consumption was reduced with the delay of the sowing date, while water use efficiency was increased. Reasonable arrangement of sowing date and paying attention to the influence of rainfall on the growth and yield formation of spring maize are important measures for the high yield of Spring Maize in Eastern Hebei Province. This study provided theoretical basis and technical support for the selection of spring maize sowing date in Eastern Hebei Province.