移栽期对冬季烤烟上部烟叶致香成分和质量评价的影响

为揭示冬季烤烟烟叶生长后期致香成分的生成规律,改善冬季烤烟香气品质,以‘KRK26’上部烟叶(B₂F)为材料,采用SDE（同时蒸馏萃取）-GC/MSD气质联用法对同一产区4个不同移栽期的相同栽培及初考条件下的烟叶致香成分及相对含量进行检测。结果表明,致香成分总量与感官评吸结果吻合度较好,可能对冬烟烟叶整体香气质量起基础作用;次年1月15日移栽处理(K3)新植二烯含量显著高于其他3个处理,且烤后烟叶评吸质量较优,显示新植二烯含量可能对冬烟烟叶整体香气质量起主导作用;类胡萝卜素降解产物中的大马士酮、香叶基丙酮、3-羟基大马酮及芳樟醇;类西柏烷类致香物质中的茄酮;美拉德反应产物中的糠醛、2,3-二氢呋喃、5-甲基-2-糠醛、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮和2,3-二氢苯并呋喃;苯丙氨酸类降解产物中的苯甲醛、苯甲醇、苯乙醛、苯乙醇和吲哚;其他类致香物质中的2-乙酰呋喃、杜烯、棕榈酸甲酯、香叶基香叶基焦磷酸、棕榈酸等,可能是影响冬烟烤后烟叶香气质量的重要成分。研究结果可为云南冬烟栽培技术优化,改善冬烟烟叶香气品质及提高上部烟叶可利用性提供科学依据。

Effects of Different Transplanting Periods on Aroma Quality of Upper Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco in Winter

To reveal the formation law of aroma components and improve the aroma quality of winter flue-cured tobacco, SDE (simultaneous distillation extraction)-GC/MSD gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the aroma components and relative contents of flue-cured tobacco leaves in four different transplanting periods under the same cultivation and preliminary test condition in the same production area. The results showed that: the total amount of aroma components was in good agreement with the sensory evaluation results, which might play a basic role in the overall aroma quality of winter tobacco; the content of neophytadiene in K3 treatment (transplanting on January 15 next year) was significantly higher than that in the other three treatments, and the smoking evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves was better, indicating that the neophytadiene content might play a leading role in the overall aroma quality of winter tobacco; the content of damascus in carotenoid degradation products was higher than that in the other three treatments, among them, ketone, geranyl acetone, 3-hydroxydamascene and linalool; solanone in cedarane like aroma compounds; furfural, 2,3-dihydrofuran, 5-methyl-2-furfural, 3-methyl-2 -(5H) - furanone and 2,3-dihydrofuran in Maillard reaction products, 3-dihydrobenzofuran; benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethanol and indole in the degradation products of phenylalanine; 2-acetylfuran, durene, methyl palmitate, geranyl geranyl pyrophosphate, palmitic acid, etc. in other aroma compounds may be important components affecting the aroma quality of flue-cured winter tobacco leaves. This study could provide a scientific basis for optimizing winter tobacco cultivation technology, improving the aroma quality of winter tobacco leaves and the usability of upper leaves.