民族地区贫困农户多维贫困测量与帮扶精准度研究

为进一步摸清民族地区贫困底数,提高帮扶精准度,利用A-F多维贫困测度方法和改进的Park瞄准数量缺口公式,以大小凉山彝区为例,本研究首先对民族地区贫困农户多维贫困状况进行了测算,接着对贫困农户"五个一批"帮扶精准度进行了分析。结果表明:1)民族地区贫困农户存在较为严重的多维贫困,以社保和生活条件最为突出;2)家庭特征对多维贫困有重要影响,户主为女性,户主文化程度越低,家庭人口越多,贫困剥夺愈加严重;3)与汉族地区不同的是,民族地区贫困更多表现为绝对贫困,盲目外出务工非但没有减轻贫困,反而加重了家庭负担;4)容易出政绩和进入门槛较低的帮扶措施做得相对较好,瞄准精度较高;5)整体上看,贫困帮扶中漏出问题比渗入问题更加严重。因此,接下来应有效衔接民族地区贫困人口的多维识别和精确帮扶,并重点解决好绝对贫困、脱贫能力不足、贫困渗入和漏出等方面的问题。

Research on the measurement of multidimensional poverty and accuracy of pro-poor measures in ethnic areas

In order to further clarify the poverty base and improve the accuracy of poverty assistance in minority areas,the multidimensional poverty status quo of the poverty-stricken farmers in minority regions was estimated and decomposed using the A-F multidimensional poverty measure method and improved Park aiming quantity gap formula by selecting Yi ethnicity areas of Da Xiao Liangshan as the research samples.An analysis of the "Five batches" of the poor farmers was then conducted.The results showed that:1) Multidimensional poverty existed commonly in poverty-stricken rural households in minority areas,especially the social security and living conditions.2) Family characteristics had significant influences on household multidimensional poverty;Family which was controlled by female,with the lower the educational level of the controlled households and more population were suffered more seriously deprivation.3) Unlike the Han region''s issues,absolute poverty in poor households was relatively severe.What''s more,outworking did not alleviate poverty;on the contrary,it enhanced the burden of their families.4) Those pro-poor measures which easily led to performance and had a low entry threshold went comparatively better,and had a higher targeting rate.5) In general,leakage was more than infiltration in the process of mitigating poverty.Therefore,effective connection should be made among multidimensional poor identification and accurately support in national regions in the next few years.And the key measure should also be taken to solve the absolute poverty,lacking of the ability to overcome poverty,poor infiltration and leakage problems.