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华北棉区棉花需水量时空变化研究
引用本文:遆晋松,杨雨豪,张力,李文鑫,普亮亮,陈阜. 华北棉区棉花需水量时空变化研究[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2018, 23(10): 29-40
作者姓名:遆晋松  杨雨豪  张力  李文鑫  普亮亮  陈阜
作者单位:中国农业大学农学院/农业农村部农作制度重点实验室
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300201)
摘    要:为分析气候变化背景下华北地区棉花需水量和水分生态适宜性时空变化特点,本研究利用华北棉区47个气象站点逐日气象数据,通过SIMETAW模型分析1986—2015年棉花生育期需水量(ETc)、有效降雨量(Pej)和灌溉需水量(ETaw)及变化趋势。结果表明:近30年来,棉花生育期需水量和灌溉需水量呈减小趋势,生育期有效降雨量呈增加趋势;6—8月棉花需水量最大,不同站点月均需水量在80~160mm;7月和8月是棉花灌溉需水量最小的月份,华北棉区平均灌溉需水量接近零,灌溉需水量最大的月份是6月,多年平均灌溉需水量为56.50mm;华北棉区地下水超采区与非超采区灌溉需水量分别为144.41和70.41mm,降水量的不同是造成这种差异的主要原因;华北棉区棉花生育期多年平均需水量、有效降雨量和灌溉需水量分别为560.19、467.32和98.75mm,棉花一年一熟制的灌溉需水量小于传统的冬小麦-夏玉米模式,而经济收益大于春玉米一年一熟制,在华北地区超采区适当增加棉花的种植面积,有利于缓解华北地区水资源缺乏的现状。

关 键 词:棉花  需水量  地下水超采区  华北棉区
收稿时间:2017-10-09

Temporal and spatial variation of water requirement of cotton in cotton-growing area of North China Region
TI Jinsong,YANG Yuhao,ZHANG Li,LI Wenxin,PU Liangliang and CHEN Fu. Temporal and spatial variation of water requirement of cotton in cotton-growing area of North China Region[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2018, 23(10): 29-40
Authors:TI Jinsong  YANG Yuhao  ZHANG Li  LI Wenxin  PU Liangliang  CHEN Fu
Affiliation:College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract:Based on the observed daily meteorological data and agro-meteorological data from 1986 to 2015 from 47 normal meteorological stations and agro-meteorological stations in cotton-growing area of North China Region, the cotton water requirements (ETc), effective precipitation(Pej), irrigations demand(ETaw) were calculated by SIMETAW model. The results showed that the water requirement of cotton declined in recent 30 years, but effective precipitation was risen in the same period. The ETc in Jun to Aug was maximum during cotton growth period, which was from 80 to 160 mm. However, ETaw demand of Jul and Aug were minimum, which was almost zero, and the maximum irrigation demand month of cotton growth period is Jun, the mean of North China Region was 56.50 mm. The mean of ETaw of cotton in funnel area and normal area were respectively 144.41 and 70.41 mm due to the difference of precipitation. The mean ETc, Pej and ETaw during cotton growth period were 560.19, 467.32 and 98.75 mm in North China area, respectively. The water requirement of continuous cotton was lower than winter wheat-summer maize, and the continuous cotton had better benefits than continuous spring maize. In conclusion, replacing the traditional crop rotation with continuous cotton was promising for alleviate water shortages in funnel area.
Keywords:cotton  water requirement  funnel area  cotton-growing area of North China Region
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