耕地数量、质量、生态三位一体保护内涵及路径探析

为探讨新时期下耕地三位一体保护的内涵和路径,采用文献资料法和综合分析法,回顾并总结近10年耕地保护取得的成效和存在的问题,以系统论知识为基础,结合前人研究成果,将农田生态系统的特点、功能、过程和状态与耕地三位一体保护相结合并进行综合分析。结果表明:1)耕地数量、质量、生态三位一体保护是一个具有层次性和系统性的概念,实质是全面维护和提高农田生态系统的生产、生态和生活功能,保障区域和国家粮食安全、生态安全和社会稳定的一系列活动。在保证数量的基础上,监督、鼓励和引导耕地使用者集约化、绿色化利用耕地资源,使农田生态系统中耕地要素特性稳定且生态环境保持一个良好状态。2)三位一体保护路径设计:树立以农田生态系统为视角的保护理念,采取分区分级保护机制,健全耕地生态补偿制度,规范农户利用和保护耕地的行为,实时监测系统中耕地的数量、质量和生态状态,最终实现我国全方位耕地保护格局。此研究成果可为新时期耕地保护政策的制定和落实提供参考。

Analysis on trinity connotation and approach to protect quantity, quality and ecology of cultivated land

In order to explore the connotation and approach of the trinity protection of cultivated land,documentation and comprehensive analysis method were adopted.In retrospect,effects and problems of cultivated land protection occurring in the past decade were summarized and analyzed.Based on the knowledge of system theory and combining previous research results,comprehensive analysis was carried out by integrating the features,functions,processes and states of farmland ecosystem with trinity protection of cultivated land.The results show that:1) The concept of trinity comprehensive protection of quantity,quality,and ecology of cultivated land is hierarchical and systematic,involving a series of activities to maintain and improve the production,ecological and life functions of farmland ecosystems and guarantee regional and national food security,ecological security,and social stability.To ensure the quantity of cultivated land,cultivated land users should be supervised,encouraged,and guided with intensive and green land use strategies.Therefore,the stabilities of cultivated land elements and ecological environment in farmland ecosystem could be kept an excellent condition.2) The trinity protective approach includes setting up protection concept from farmland ecosystem perspective.This approach also takes partition grading protection,perfects cultivated land ecological compensation system and regulates the behavior of farmers in the process of cultivated land use and protection,which means the quantity,quality and ecological states of cultivated land are monitored in real time.Consequently,a classified and comprehensive cultivated land protection pattern is brought into effect.This study would provide references for the formulation and implementation of cultivated land protection policy in the new period.