流冰对引水隧洞撞击破坏力学特性数值分析与验证

寒旱地区冬季寒冷,昼夜温差大,长距离输水工程在解冻期易形成流冰,不同尺寸的流冰对隧洞形成不同的挤压力或撞击力,甚至导致衬砌破损,工程失效。该文通过深入研究流冰与引水隧洞碰撞时的相互作用问题,并利用有限元接触-碰撞算法的对称罚函数算法,进行了流冰撞击引水隧洞衬砌的接触-碰撞算法的理论分析。应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,建立隧洞模型和流冰模型,选用LS-DYNA SOLVER求解器进行求解,分析流冰对隧洞的破坏程度;并通过物理模型试验采用几何比尺为C_l为28进行验证,揭示流冰对引水隧洞的撞击破坏机理。结果表明:流冰在不同流速、不同平面尺寸、不同厚度等工况下,流冰与隧洞衬砌碰撞时,隧洞衬砌表面会产生不同程度的变形和破坏;随着流速增大,撞击应力值也相应增大,两者呈线性关系;当流冰平面尺寸变化时,其撞击应力随着流冰平面尺寸的增大而增大,两者呈非线性关系;当流冰厚度增加时,流冰厚度小于0.5 m时,撞击力随着流冰厚度的增大而增大;其厚度超过0.5 m时,撞击应力值变化不大,其流冰平面尺寸和最大应力呈现近似线性关系。同时,通过软件模拟和试验观测得出的计算结果基本一致,流冰与隧洞衬砌碰撞时,隧洞衬砌表面会产生不同程度变形,变形对隧洞稳定性影响不大。但是,流冰冲刷会导致隧洞衬砌表面破碎,长期会影响结构的强度与稳定性。其结果可为寒旱地区冬季输水工程安全提供理论支撑和技术保障。

Numerical simulation and verification on impact damage mechanical property of drift ice on diversion tunnel

In high latitude region of western China, the environment is in harsh condition that it is cold and dry in winter and has long ice period, which causes many water resource problems. In order to relieve the serious water shortage condition in cold and dry region, a large number of long distance water diversion projects were established to improve the water resource condition, such as increasing farm irrigation, human and animal drinking. While the ice damage occurs frequently under severe ice conditions in cold and dry region, especially in ice period in winter and thawing period in spring, it is easy to form drift ice with different velocities, different plan sizes and different thicknesses, which produces different extrusion forces or impact forces to damage tunnel lining, causing project failure. The failure project could not realize the original planning and construction goal, giving rise to the water allocation pressure. The water allocation would cause water shortage which influences diversion irrigation and farming production in spring. Based on the intense researches on the collision simulation problem of the interaction between drift ice and diversion tunnel, this paper used the symmetric penalty function in the finite element contact-impact algorithm to conduct the theoretical study on collision simulation problem between drift ice and water diversion tunnel. ANSYS/LS-DYNA was adopted as the platform to establish tunnel model and drift ice model. LS-DYNA SOLVER was used as the solver to solve and analyze the damage degrees of drift ice on tunnel. The physical model tests were conducted to verify and reveal the impact damage mechanism of drift ice on diversion tunnel. The physical model was constructed by the geometric scale of 28, which is the ratio of the experiment facility to the prototype in the test. The results show that tunnel lining surface will form varying degrees of deformation and failure when the tunnel lining is impacted by the drift ice with different velocities, different plane sizes and different thicknesses. It is also discovered that the impact stress increases with the flow velocity and their relationship presents linear variation. The impact stress also increases with the drift ice''s plane size and their relationship presents nonlinear variation. The impact stress increases with the drift ice thickness when the drift ice thickness is less than 0.5 m. While the drift ice thickness is greater than 0.5 m, the maximum stress value shows little change. The relationship between drift ice''s plane size and maximum stress shows approximately linear variation. Meanwhile, the software simulation and test observation results are almost the same. The impact of drift ice on the tunnel lining would cause the deformation of lining, but the deformation has little influence on the tunnel stability. The drift ice''s long time erosion would cause the tunnel lining surface to fall off, and further break the strength and stability of the tunnel structures. The study supplies theoretical support and technical guarantee for water diversion project security in cold and dry region of western China.