小麦品种渝麦13号细胞质类型的分子标记鉴定

为从分子水平对小麦渝麦13号进行细胞质类型鉴定,本研究以野生燕麦、普通小麦(中国春和薛早)及30份具有小麦属和山羊草属不同细胞质类型的核质代换系为参照,利用24个小麦叶绿体SSR分子标记对小麦品种渝13号及其衍生后代进行了分析。结果发现,5个标记的扩增带型在渝麦13号及其衍生后代和普通小麦材料之间表现出明显的多态性,说明小麦品种渝麦13号及其衍生后代的细胞质类型与普通小麦材料不同。通过比对野生燕麦细胞质和T型细胞质的带型发现,在24个标记中,有15个分子标记在野生燕麦细胞质和T型细胞质间表现出明显的多态性。在这些多态性分子标记中,渝麦13号及其衍生材料细胞质的扩增带型与T型细胞质的带型完全一致,而与野生燕麦的带型不一致。通过比对渝麦13号和其他29份小麦核质代换系的细胞质扩增带型后发现,渝麦13号与这些代换系均不同。因此,小麦品种渝麦13号及其衍生系的细胞质类型很可能为T型。

Identification of bread wheat Yumai 13's cytoplasm type by molecular markers

In this study, the identification of the genetic basis of Yumai 13 cytoplasm was conducted using chloroplast microsatellite SSR markers. Wheat cultivar Yumai 13 and its derived progenies were identified with 24 wheat chloroplast microsatellite SSR markers, among which wild ecotype oat (Avena fatua),bread wheat varieties (Chinese Spring and Xuezao) and 30 alloplasmic lines belonging to the genus Triticum and Aegilops were taken as references. By SSR marker analysis, it was shown that the cytoplasms of Yumai 13 and its derived progenies and bread wheat varieties displayed polymorphism in the PCR products of 5 SSR markers. This indicated the cytoplasm types of Yumai 13 and its derived progenies were different from that of bread wheat. By comparing the cytoplasm genotype of A. fatua with Triticum timopheevii, 15 molecular markers displayed polymorphism. Among these markers, the PCR bands of Yumai 13 and its derived progenies were exactly the same as that of T. timopheevii,whereas drastically different from that of A. fatua. The cytoplasm genotype of Yumai 13 was also compared with other 29 alloplasmic lines and Yumai 13 showed to be unique. This indicated that the cytoplasm type of Yumai 13 and its derived lines may be T-type. The results would provide valuable basis for the utilization of Yumai 13 in wheat breeding.