黄淮海高标准农田建设项目综合效益评价及区域差异

为科学研判高标准农田建设项目实施成效,该文通过构建综合效益评价指标体系和综合评价模型,对黄淮海586个抽样项目区综合效益及区域差异进行了研究。结果表明,黄淮海区高标准农田建设项目实施后,经济、社会、生态及综合效益各指标均提升显著(P0.05)。平原项目区、高产田项目区、中产田项目区、优质农田项目区的综合效益分别高出全区平均水平的6.5%、6.8%、4.2%、14.2%。山地丘陵项目区、低产田项目区、非优质农田项目区综合效益分别低于全区平均水平8.3%、6.0%、5.3%。针对下一步高标准农田建设工作,本文提出3点建议:因地制宜,实行差别化规划布局;加强农田建设资金整合,统筹协调管理;强化科技支撑,深化农业科技体制改革。该研究对今后高标准农田建设工作和科学规划具有重要意义和参考价值。

Comprehensive benefit evaluation and regional differences of construction projects of well-facilitated farmland in Huang-Huai-Hai region

Abstract: Well-facilitated farmland construction is an important measure to guarantee food security and modern agriculture developing in China. We used 586 copies of questionnaires and selected 11 evaluation indexes for economic, social and ecological benefits to construct comprehensive benefits index system. Then we used the entropy weight method to determine indexes'' weights and built a comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of well-facilitated farmland construction projects in Huang-Huai-Hai region during the period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Further we compared and analyzed the differences of benefit level in different project areas. Finally, we made an objective evaluation on the well-facilitated farmland construction projects in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. The results showed that the economic, social and ecological benefits as well as comprehensive benefits increased significantly (P<0.05) after the building of the projects in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. There were 85.8% of the survey samples achieving the economic benefits and increasing farmers'' net income by 200 yuan per mu. The implementation of the project played an important role in promoting agricultural production scales, protecting the agricultural ecological environment and improving the utilization efficiency of resources. From the provincial scale, the comprehensive benefits of Hebei, Shandong and Henan were higher than the average level of the whole Huang-Huai-Hai region. On the contrary, Jiangsu and Anhui were lower than the average level in the whole region. Next, the comprehensive benefits of the projects built in plains, or in the high-yield and medium-yield farmlands, or in the high quality farmlands were higher than the average level by 6.5%, 6.8%, 4.2% and 14.2%, respectively, of which the economic and social benefits were significantly improved. The comprehensive benefits of projects built in the mountain-hills, or in the low-yield farmlands and low-quality farmlands were lower than the average level by 8.3%, 6.0% and 5.3%, respectively, of which the ecological benefits were significantly improved. The reasons for this phenomenon were as follows: 1) In the plain areas, there were more superior agricultural resources and topographical advantages than other areas, and high-quality farmland were widely distributed; 2) The socio-economic conditions in the plain provided guarantee for the development of local agriculture. ,At last, for the next step in the construction of well-facilitated farmland, we put forward three suggestions. Firstly, according to the suitability and limiting factors in different areas, differentiating planning and layout of well-facilitated farmland should be implemented in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Secondly, the coordination and management ability of different departments should be strengthened, technical and management advantages of various departments should be fully used to realize the "multi-disciplinary integration" for well-facilitated farmland construction. Thirdly, scientific and technological progress is a key factor to increase agricultural production, farmers'' income and rural''s development, so it is very important to integrate new technology and information technology into agriculture. This study has important reference value for the construction of well-facilitated farmland in the future.