国土综合整治背景下上海土地整治工程建设标准编制解析

编制土地整治战略转型阶段的工程建设标准,以引领和支撑土地整治工程建设,成为落实土地整治从"搬土填坑"的斑点式整治逐步转向以"田水路林村厂"为工程对象的区域国土综合整治转型的关键。研究运用文献分析法和系统工程法等,剖析了当前中国土地整治工程建设标准存在的主要问题及上海实践经验,提出应将土地整治工程体系重建、绿色化整治工程、村庄整治工程、现代农业支撑工程等作为国土综合整治背景下土地整治工程建设标准的编制重点和标准核心内容。研究认为:新的上海土地整治工程建设标准及其编制以土地整治创新实践为基础,以土地整治战略转型目标为基本遵循,响应了生态文明、新型城镇化和现代农业等土地整治战略转型的基本要求,可为新时代土地整治未来发展做好标准支撑,为国土综合整治背景下土地整治标准化提供借鉴参考。

Compiling engineering construction standard for land consolidation under national land comprehensive consolidation

Abstract: Nowadays, it is urgent to compile new construction standard for land consolidation and rehabilitation engineering, and make it work as a technical basis for strategic transformation and innovation practice, so as to prevent the standard falling far behind the development of land consolidation. Land consolidation and rehabilitation projects have gradually shifted from the spot-type consolidation of "soil moving and pit filling" to the regional land comprehensive consolidation of "farmland, hydrographic net, road system, forests network, villages and factories". Compilation of new construction standard was the key issue to implement the strategic transformation to lead and support the construction of land consolidation engineering. By referring to online multi databases, we analyzed 18 typical and representative standards related to China''s land consolidation engineering construction. According to the results, we concluded that the compilation of China''s current construction standards fell far behind the development of land consolidation, and there were obvious shortcomings in the following aspects: engineering goal orientation, engineering system design, engineering content, and application of green remediation technologies. The response to strategic transformation should be strengthened. By analyzing the core issues existing in China''s current land consolidation engineering construction standards based on the case study of Shanghai, using literature analysis and system engineering method, we put forward the following key points for the compilation of land consolidation engineering construction standards during the strategic transformation period: the land consolidation engineering system reconstruction, green improvement land consolidation project, village renovation project, and modern agriculture support engineering. Details were as follows: 1) In accordance with the principle of science, consistency, relative independence, and path dependence, using the theory of system engineering, and comparing the basic requirements for strategic transformation and the objectives of land consolidation in Shanghai, we reconstructed the land consolidation engineering system. This system was based on the innovative practices of land consolidation in Shanghai, and covered all the elements of land consolidation. We intensified the engineering construction content from 3 aspects: ecological landscape construction, modern agricultural development, modern rural development and good residential environment construction. The number of the first-level items in the land consolidation engineering system was increased from 5 to 8, the number of the secondary-level items was expanded from 14 to 29, and the third-level items were expanded from 34 to 56, which comprehensively responded to the strategic transformation goals of the land consolidation. 2) Literature analysis method and system engineering method were used to summarize the practical experience of country park construction, and clarify the key issues in green land consolidation, including regional landscape ecological construction, degraded biological habitat restoration, biodiversity conservation, and ecological reform of traditional land consolidation engineering. We put forward solutions for green improvement land consolidation project in 4 aspects: embedding the ecological principles in the general principles of the standard, leading ecological construction with the first-level item "eco-environment remediation project", investigating systematic ecological transformation of the traditional land remediation project, and exploring the "land remediation engineering" through construction land reclamation. 3) In order to address the problems of rural hollowing, insufficient economic activity, and deterioration of the ecological environment in the process of rapid urbanization, we established the village renovation project system by using literature analysis method. The village planning and layout, village infrastructure construction, and the inheritance of the village for regional culture were taken as the main contents of the system in response to the regional land collaborative consolidation under the new urbanization background. 4) In accordance with the 3 basic needs of Shanghai''s modern agricultural i.e. urban agricultural products supply, urban ecological conservation and urban leisure tourism, the modern agriculture supporting engineering of land consolidation was established in the standard as follows: flexible field scale, leisure facilities and smart agricultural construction. The standard loosed restrictions on the length, width and size of the field, and adopted the ecological construction method to construct leisure trails that meet the needs of agricultural picking and sightseeing tourism taking into account the characteristics of pervious road surface and greening. We redefined "auxiliary facilities for agricultural production" based on the principle of composite utilization, so as to build an agricultural intelligence project that integrates application of computer and network technology, internet technology, audio and video technology, 3S (remote sensing, RS; geography information systems, GIS; global positioning systems, GPS) technology, wireless communication technology, and expert wisdom and knowledge. To sum up, the new construction standard for Shanghai is based on the innovative practice of land remediation, responding to the basic requirements and goals for strategic transformation of land consolidation such as ecological civilization, new urbanization and modern agriculture. It can provide the technical basis for the future land consolidation, as well as the reference for land consolidation standardization during the strategic transitional period of land consolidation and rehabilitation.