犁旋一体机自动调平系统设计与试验

为了解决犁旋一体机作业过程中调节机具问题,设计了一种犁旋一体机自动调平系统,该系统包括执行机构、控制系统、液压系统。根据犁旋一体机自身的特点,提出了一种确定调平角度范围的方法,并根据实际田间作业情况,运用EDEM仿真软件进行田间作业的虚拟仿真,仿真结果表明:地表平整度小于2 cm,满足农艺要求。在设计和仿真的基础上,进行田间试验,将手动调平的犁旋一体机的作业情况和自动调平的犁旋一体机的作业情况进行对照,分析了作业过程中机具的角度变化和作业后的耕深及其稳定性,地表平整度。结果表明:自动调平犁旋一体机相对于手动调平犁旋一体机,在耕深的稳定性和耕后地表平整度上有较为明显的提高,前者耕深稳定系数达到87.31%,后者为84.76%。前者地表平整度为1.97 cm,后者为2.56 cm。

Design and test of automatic leveling system of plough rotary machine

In order to solve the problem of equipment adjusting in the operation of plough rotary tiller, an automatic leveling system of plough rotary machine is designed, which includes executive mechanism, automatic leveling control module, hydraulic system and tilt sensing module. The plough rotary machine is a kind of well-behaved machine on tillage and straw returning, which combines the function of plough turning and rotary tillage. It can be used to carry out multiple work processes such as plough turning, rotary tillage and burying ground straw into soil. The soil is finely ground after ploughing, and the crop stalks and stubble are directly buried in the fields to achieve the soil preparation effect. It can also reduce the number of operations of going into soil for the machine, reduce the compaction of the soil, and improve the efficiency of farming. In the process of work, one side of tractor wheel drives on the balk, the other side drives on the cultivated furrows, causing tractor to incline to walk, and then leading to a certain inclination in horizontal direction of the plough rotary machine connected with the tractor through the three-point suspension mechanism. However, the tilting of plough rotary machine will affect the flatness and depth of the plow, so it is necessary to continuously adjust the equipment to ensure the work effect. Due to the complexity of field work condition, it needs to adjust frequently on the first 2 work routes and every route caused by the unstable work of the hydraulic system in each field. It not only is time-consuming but also has not high precision, which results in poor performance and low efficiency of work. In order to solve the problem of frequent adjustment of the plough rotary machine during work of plough, combining the characteristics of the plough rotary machine, a method to determine the angle range of leveling is put forward. The plough rotary machine as a compound tillage machine has great quality. It will cause great burden to the hydraulic system of the tractor by automatic leveling. At the same time, the downward motion will appear more severe during the downgrading process of the plough rotary mechanism. Therefore, a set of independent hydraulic system is designed in this paper. According to the actual field work situation, the soil model is established by using EDEM (enhanced discrete element method) simulation software, and the virtual simulation of field operation is carried out. The simulation results show that the surface roughness is less than 2 cm and meets the agronomic requirements. On the basis of design and simulation, field experiments were carried out to compare the operation of manual leveling plough rotary machine and the operation of automatic leveling plough rotary machine. The content of the test includes the system performance and mechanical performance of automatic leveling. The system performance is obtained by analyzing the change of the inclination angle of the tractor. The mechanical performance is obtained by analyzing ploughing depth, its stability and surface roughness after the operation. The results show that the automatic leveling plough rotary machine has a marked improvement in the stability of ploughing and surface evenness after tillage compared with the manual leveling plough rotary machine. The stability coefficient of the former tillage depth is 87.31% and the latter is 84.76%. The surface roughness of the former is 1.97 cm and the latter is 2.56 cm. It can provide reference for the design of automatic leveling system for compound agricultural machinery.