日本黄姑鱼胚胎发育及温度对其过程的影响

用Nikon显微镜观察了日本黄姑鱼胚胎发育全过程,并比较了受精卵在13种温度下胚胎的发育状况。结果表明：在水温为20～22.5℃、盐度29.9和pH 8.2条件下,从受精卵至孵化出膜总历时34 h 55 min,胚胎发育过程可划分为21期;孵化水温对受精卵的孵化率、畸形率和孵化时间有显著影响,孵化时数（h）、孵化积温（A）与平均水温（θ）密切相关,h=4265.9θ-1.547 9,A=3.420 1θ2-168.99θ＋2 786.1;有效积温为480.04～553.96℃.h,阈温度为7.01℃,但实际孵化水温须高于12℃,14～28℃胚胎均能正常孵化。适宜孵化水温为17～22℃,孵化率高于89%,畸形率低于16%。

Embryonic Development of Nibea japonica and Its Relationship with Incubation Temperature

Embryonic development of Nibea japonica was observed by Nikon microscope,its effects by 13 kinds of temperature were also studied in this article.The results showed that when water temperature 20-22.5 ℃,salinity 29.9 and pH 8.2,total duration was about 34 h 55 min.Progress of embryonic development from the fertilized egg to hatching can divide into 21 stages.The hatching rate of fertilized eggs,malformation rate and hours of incubation was significantly affected by incubation temperature.Hours of incubation（h）,incubation accumulated temperature（A） and average water temperaturen（θ） was closely related,h=4 265.9 θ-1.547 9,A=3.420 1 θ2-168.99 θ＋2 786.1.The sum of effective temperature showed 480.04-553.96 ℃·h and the developmental threshold temperature 7.01 ℃,but actual incubation temperature was higher than 12℃,embryonic could develop normally under 14-28 ℃.Its appropriate incubation temperature was 17-22 ℃,with the rate of hatching over 89%,malformation rate less than 16%.