无脊椎动物促性腺激素释放激素研究进展

促性腺激素释放激素（gonadotropin-releasing hormone,_GnRH）是下丘脑-垂体-性腺（hypothalamic-pituitary-go-nad,_HPG）轴的关键信息分子,在脊椎动物的性腺发育、性成熟和繁殖功能的维持中起着重要作用。用免疫组织化学、酶联免疫吸附测定以及高效液相色谱等方法在多种无脊椎动物中也检测到了其存在,主要分布于中枢神经以及生殖系统。可见,GnRH在无脊椎动物中具有普遍存在性。目前已至少发现28种类型的GnRH,15种来自脊椎动物,13种来自无脊椎动物。目前,无脊椎动物中除被囊动物外,仅有真蛸、海兔和商乌贼已经获得了GnRH的mRNA序列,其肽链分子结构与脊椎动物的类似。GnRH在无脊椎动物中具有广阔的研究空间,将为无脊椎动物的生殖调控的研究提供参考。

Review on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Invertebrates

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone（GnRH） is the key peptide in the hypothalamo-hypophysial-gonadal（HPG） axis,which plays a critical role in the development,maturity and maintenance of vertebrate re-productive system.The existence of GnRH or GnRH-like peptide is detected in most invertebrates by the methods of immunohistochemistry,ELISA and HPLC.GnRH is universal in invertebrates,mainly distributed in the central nervous system and reproduction system.To date,the primary structures of 28 GnRH isoforms,in-cluding 15 from vertebrates and 13 from invertebrates,have been characterized in detail.Among the inverte-brates,the mRNA sequences of GnRH were only obtained in Octopus vulgaris,Aplysia californica and Sepia officinalis,which the molecular structures were similar to the vertebrates.Therefore,there are still a lot of studies to be done about GnRH research in the invertebrates,which can provide valuable information for the breeding regulation research in invertebrates.