模拟酸雨淋溶下中原地区幼褐土壤中营养元素的流失规律研究

目的]研究酸雨对中原地区土壤中氮、磷、钾的淋溶特性的影响,以期为土壤养分缺失的综合防治和土壤酸化的控制提供科学依据。方法]取郑州地区土壤作为试验土样,配制模拟酸雨进行淋溶试验。结果]土壤中总氮、总磷和总钾的淋失量随酸雨pH增大而下降;与对照相比,不同酸度酸雨对磷、钾淋失量均无显著差异,而且淋失量很少。随着模拟酸雨淋滤速率的降低,土壤中N、P、K淋失量均增大,且增大幅度显著,在同一pH和同一淋滤速率条件下土壤中营养元素溶出量大小顺序均为N〉P〉K。结论]强酸性酸雨会促进土壤营养元素的淋失,相对来说土壤中磷、钾对酸雨不敏感。长期的酸雨淋洗会导致土壤养分库的损耗,造成土壤养分贫瘠。

Law of Nutrient Elements Leached from Soils by Simulated Acid Rain in Central Plain

Objective] In order to provide the scientific basis for the comprehensive control of soil nutrient deficiency and soil acidification,the effects of acid rain on the characteristics of main nutrient elements in soils were studied.Method] The releasing test of some nutrient elements from soils which were collected from Zhengzhou was studied by simulated acid rain leaching of soil indoor.Result] Leaching amounts of the three nutrient elements all decreased with the increase of pH of the simulated acid rain,and no significant differences existed in P and K leaching amounts.The contents of N,P,K increased with the decrease of leaching rate of the simulated acid rain.In the same pH and the same rate,the leaching loss of soil nutrient element was in the order of N > P > K.Conclusion] Strong acid rain enhanced leaching losses of nutrition elements.P and K weren't sensitive to acid rain.The qualification of the soil became more serious for the treatment of acid rain for a long time.