新疆沙蓬籽中脂肪和蛋白质组分的研究

目的]探讨新疆沙蓬籽中脂肪和蛋白质的组分。方法]以新疆产地的沙蓬籽为试材,提取其种仁油脂,并采用气相色谱-质谱法测定脂肪酸的含量及组分;采用微量定氮法和分级提取法测定粗蛋白和分离蛋白,并对蛋白质中的氨基酸组成进行了分析。结果]沙蓬籽中油脂含量高（13.70%）,其中以不饱和脂肪酸油酸、亚油酸为主要成分,占脂肪酸总量的80%以上;饱和脂肪酸含量较低。沙蓬籽中粗蛋白质含量平均为24.37%,其中以球蛋白和清蛋白为主,占蛋白质总量的80%以上,而谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、残渣蛋白含量较低。其蛋白质均含18种氨基酸,属完全蛋白质,其中谷氨酸含量最高（18.30%）,精氨酸含量占9.46%,此外还有天冬氨酸（9.27%）、亮氨酸（6.67%）和苯丙氨酸（5.04%）;其次为丝氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和缬氨酸;胱氨酸、组氨酸和色氨酸含量最少。沙蓬籽中必需氨基酸含量丰富。结论]为新疆沙蓬资源的综合开发提供了参考。

Research on Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Components of Agriophyllum squarrosum Seeds from Xinjiang

Objective] The aim was to investigate the fatty acid and amino acid components of Agriophyllum squarrosum seeds from Xinjiang.Method] The oil sample was extracted from kernels of A.squarrosum seeds collected from Xinjiang for measuring the components and contents of fatty acids with GC-MS;semi-micro Kjeldahl method and fractional extraction were conducted to get the proteins from the kernels and determine amino acids of the proteins.Result] The fat content of A.squarrosum seeds was as high as up to 13.7%,among which unsaturated fatty acid and linoleic acid were the major components,accounting for more than 80% of the total fatty acids,while saturated fatty acid content was lower.The content of crude proteins was 24.37% in A.squarrosum seeds,in which globulin and albumin were the main components,accounting for more than 80% of the total proteins,while glutenin,gliadin and residue proteinswere less.Protein got from A.squarrosum seeds belonged to complete protein,contained 18 kinds of amino acids.The content of glutamic acid was the highest(18.3%),followed by arginine(9.46%),aspartate(9.27%),leucine(6.67%),phenylalanine(5.04%),serine,methionine,lysine,valine,cystine,histidine and tryptophane.In addition,A.squarrosum seed was rich in essential amino acid.Conclusion] The paper will provide reference for comprehensive development of Agriophyllum squarrosum resources from Xinjiang.