不同氮肥形态培土对烤烟生长及产量与品质的影响

[目的]研究不同氮肥形态培土对烤烟生长及中部叶品质影响,优化农业生产和保证烟叶质量。[方法]以烤烟品种云烟85为材料,不同氮肥形态及施肥方式对烤烟生长及经济性状以及中部叶烤后样品质的差异。[结果]中耕培土的同时,采取配套施肥对烤烟生长有利。以NO3--N处理的烟株表现出有助于烤烟揭膜后的早生快发,但后期生长状却不如NH4＋-N处理的烟株,两种处理的烤烟中部叶片物理特性皆不理想;NH4＋-N处理的烤烟氮肥利用率较强,烟碱含量较高,但由于其化学性质的特殊抑制了K的吸收,导致了烟叶中化学成分的不协调。[结论]NH4＋-N与NO3--N搭配施入的处理,烤烟生长状况最理想,化学成分协调,经济价值最高。

Effect of Different Nitrogen Forms on the Flue-cured Tobacco Growth, Yield and Quality

[Objective] The fertilization of the different nitrogen forms affecting of fertilizer and the flue-cured tobacco growth and the quality of its middle-positioned leaf was studied to optimize the agricultural production and ensure the tobacco leaf quality.[Method] The difference in the growth and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco variety,Yunyan 85 as experimental material,and the quality of its middle-positioned leaf after its baking,which was resulted from the application of different nitrogen forms and its fertilization measures,was evaluated.[Results] The fertilization combined with intertillage was advantage for the flue-cured tobacco growth.The application of NO-3-N was helpful the early growth and rapid development of the flue-cured tobacco after the plastic film was removed,however in later period its growth was not as good as the tobacco plant treated with NH+4-N and the physical characteristics of its middle-positioned leaf from both two treatments was undesirable.The nitrogen-using efficiency of the tobacco plant treated with NH+4-N was stronger with higher content of nicotine,but the absorption of plant to K was inhibited because of its unique chemical property,leading to the inconsistent chemical composition in plant.[Conclusion] The reasonable application of the combination of NH+4-N and NO-3-N could promote the best tobacco plant growth with the consistent chemical composition in the plant and the highest economic value.