新农村生态住宅的应变设计

在将农村住宅建设视为社会主义新农村建设的重要内容的基础上,概述了现有农村居住模式在节能和舒适度方面存在的诸多问题。本着发展新农村生态住宅,改善居民的居住条件、节能减排的目的,将自然生物体的气候应变现象引入建筑设计之中,分析了应变设计的概念,并针对中国具体的地域和气候特点指出应变设计有利于解决目前农村住宅中存在的问题,进而介绍了中国传统民居中的支摘窗、木格风门、开合式天井、气窗等应变结构。在此基础上,以郑州市郊区平原地带的联排住宅中的1个居住单元为例,从可变的暖廊、可变的天井、可控的自然风通道、植物应变特征的应用、可变的封闭构建、可控的＂腔体空间＂方面具体阐述了该应变设计的实例,以期为居民提供一个宜人的居住环境。

Responsive Design of Eco-residence in New Countryside

Considering the construction of rural residence as a significant content of constructing the new socialist countryside,problems of present rural housing in energy conservation and comfort level are analyzed.To develop eco-residence in new countryside,improve living conditions of local residents,save energy and reduce carbon emission,responsive capability of natural organisms to climate is introduced into architectural design,and concept of responsive design is analyzed.In view of actual regional and climatic characteristics,it is proposed that responsive design is able to solve many problems of present rural housing,then responsive structures in traditional Chinese dwellings are introduced,such as removable window,wooden latticed ventilation door,courtyard with hinged cover,transom and so on.On this basis,a dwelling unit of row house on suburban plains of Zhengzhou City is taken for a living example of responsive design from the perspectives of flexible corridor and courtyard,controllable natural wind channel,application of plant's responsive characteristics,flexible close building and controllable cavity space,to build a comfortable living environment.