中国主要鸭茅品种农艺性状变异研究

鸭茅系世界著名多年生冷季型优质牧草，在我国草地畜牧业发展和生态建设中起着重要作用。为系统地探明我国鸭茅品种(系)在表型水平上的多态性及变异规律，本研究对我国鸭茅8个品种和1个新品系单株的物候期、抗锈病能力、越夏率、生长速度、鲜干草产量、鲜干草茎叶比、鲜干比、分蘖数、植物学表型性状及DUS性状进行了系统研究，结果表明，1)各鸭茅品种(系)生育期、抗锈病能力、越夏率、生长速度、生产性能差异明显，以‘02-116’新品系表现较为突出;2)供试12个表型性状在品种(系)间差异均达到极显著(P＜0.01)水平，变异系数变幅为21.64%(倒二叶长度)～106.20%(穗叶距)，穗叶距、株高、茎上部节间长度、倒二叶宽度、株幅等性状与鸭茅产量显著相关;3)主成分分析表明前4个主成分因子累计贡献率达68.225%，鸭茅植株株型的形成和生长速度的动态变化，在很大程度上由叶片长度、叶片宽度、株高、穗叶距等共同决定;4)各品种(系)在7个供试DUS性状上均表现出不同程度的群体差异;5)品系‘02-116’与品种‘川东’、‘古蔺’等在主要形态上存在一定差异。

Agronomic trait variation of some main orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)cultivars in China

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) is a perennial, cool-season, and high-quality forage grass well known and widely used throughout the world, and it plays an important role in grassland animal husbandry and the development of ecologically sound rangeland management in China. This study collected and performed multivariate analysis of data on rust tolerance, summer survival, herbage accumulation rate, herbage yield, stem:leaf ratio, dry-fresh ratio, tillers, leaf length and other plant phenotypic characters, leaf appearance interval, and distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) among 8 cultivars and 1 breeding line of D. glomerata in China in order to investigate the phenotypic polymorphism and variation patterns of D. glomerata germplasm in China. Obvious differences in phenology, rust tolerance, summer survival, herbage accumulation, and herbage production among the D. glomerata cultivars were observed and the new breeding line 02-116 performed well. The differences between cultivars in 12 phenotypic traits were highly significant (P＜0.01), and the coefficients of variation ranged from 21.64% (second leaf length) to 106.20% (distance between flag leaf and inflorescence). The phenotypic traits of distance between flag leaf and inflorescence, plant height, length of upper internode, second leaf width and crown diameter were significantly correlated with herbage yield of D. glomerata. Principal component analysis showed the cumulative contribution of leaf length, leaf width, plant height, and distance between flag leaf and inflorescence accounted for 68.225% of data variation, and these factors determined plant morphology dynamics herbage accumulation. 7 DUS characteristics differed among cultivars to varying degrees. The breeding line 02-116 and cultivars Chuandong and Gulin showed marked differences in plant phenology.