黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉在暗纹东方鲀饲料中的应用

黑水虻虫粉是水产养殖中替代鱼粉的潜在优质蛋白源，在近年来受到较多关注。本实验以初始均重为16.5g的暗纹东方鲀幼鱼为实验对象，利用黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中不同比例(0、8%、16%和24%，分别记为HM0、HM8、HM16和HM24)的鱼粉配制成四种等氮等脂的实验饲料。每组饲料投喂3个重复桶，每桶30尾鱼。每天表观饱食投喂3次。实验周期为56天。实验结果表明，黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉并未对实验鱼的生长、机体粗成分、肌肉粗成分、肌肉氨基酸组成、肌肉质地和血清生化指标产生显著影响。与对照组相比，16%替代组增重率提高19%，显示出黑水虻幼虫粉低比例替代鱼粉具有潜在的提高生长性能的作用。与低比例(8%)替代组相比，高比例(24%)替代组降低了饲料效率，且具有升高肝体比和脏体比的趋势。黑水虻幼虫粉中含有较高含量的C12:0和C18:2n-6，能够满足鱼类对能量供应和18碳不饱和脂肪酸的需求；黑水虻幼虫粉的添加提高了鱼体C14:0和n-6脂肪酸的含量。综上结果表明，黑水虻幼虫粉替代暗纹东方鲀幼鱼饲料中24%以内的鱼粉不影响鱼体的生长、体成分、肌肉质地和健康状态；低比例(8-16%)替代还具有潜在的提高生长性能和饲料利用的作用。

Fish meal replacement with black soldier fly larvae meal in the diet of juvenile obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus

Black sodier fly meal is a potential high-quality protein source for fish meal replacement in aquaculture, which has attracted much attention in recent years. This experiment, with juvenile Takifugu obscurus with an initial average weight of 16.5 g, was aimed at evaluating the utilization efficiency of black sodier fly larvae meal in the diet. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid experimental feeds were prepared, with black soldier fly larvae meal as a substitute for fish meal in different proportions(0, 8%, 16% and 24%, designated as HM0, HM8, HM16 and HM24, respectively). Each group was fed to 3 replicate tanks, with 30 fish in each tank. Fish were fed to satiation three times a day. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that the supplementation of black soldier fly larvae meal had no significant effects on the growth, body composition, muscle composition, muscle amino acid composition, muscle texture and serum biochemical indexes of experimental fish. Compared with the control group, the weight gain was rate increased by 19% in group HM16, indicating that the replacement of fish meal with black soldier fly meal at a low level had a potential positive effect on growth performance. Compared with group HM8, HM24 decreased the feed efficiency and tended to increase the HSI and VSI. The high content of C12:0 and C18:2n-6 in black soldier fly larvae meal can meet the energy demand and 18C polyunsaturated fatty acids requirement of fish, which increased the content of C14:0 and n-6 fatty acids in fish. In conclusion, replacement of 24% fish meal in the diet of juvenile Takifugu obscurus by black soldier fly larvae meal did not affect the growth, body composition, muscle texture and health status of obscure puffer. A low replacement level (8-16%) could have potential positive effects on growth performance and feed utilization of obscure puffer.