中国古代油料与油脂研究综述

油脂分为动物脂肪与植物油脂,油脂不仅是人类的主要营养品和食物之一,也是重要的生产资料。人类很早就利用油脂满足各种生活需要。动物脂肪首先被广泛应用于烹饪、照明、润滑、仪式活动、艺术等方面。汉代以来,随着油料作物的广泛种植,植物油品种不断增多,生活用油更加多元化。中国古人非常重视油料作物的栽培,在榨油工具方面形成了具有本土特色的多元化的生产技艺,油脂的应用也深入到了生活的方方面面。本文梳理并总结目前古代油脂研究的成果,对减少油料进口、实现粮食供给安全,以及非物质文化遗产的保护等,都具有重要意义。

Research Review on Oil Crops and Oil in Ancient China

The oil can be divided into animal fat and vegetable fat.It is not only one of the main nutrients and food for humans,but also an important productive resource.In early times,humans had already used oil to meet their daily needs.Firstly animal fat was widely used in cooking,lighting,lubrication,ritual activities,art and so on.Since the Han Dynasty,with the increase in planting area of oil crops and variety of vegetable oils,oils in daily life were becoming more diversified.Ancient Chinese paid great attention to the cultivation of oil crops,and developed diversified oil extraction techniques with local characteristics.The application of oil has also penetrated into all aspects of life.To review and summarize the research achievements of oil in ancient times has important significance for reducing oil imports,ensuring food security,and protecting intangible cultural heritage.