中国畜禽粪便管理政策现状和前景述评

为研究中国畜禽粪便管理与利用情况提出合理的建议,本研究统计1980—2018年国内畜禽粪便相关文献发表数量,并分析2000—2018年中央政府部门发布的关于畜禽粪便管理政策、规划及标准文件27份,以及各省市区政府发布的相关管理法规和标准78份。研究表明,1980—1997年中国(不包括香港和澳门特别行政区及台湾省)关于畜禽粪便研究论文数量呈缓慢上升趋势,为1～23篇/年;但是,1998—2017年发表数量从28篇/年上升至688篇/年,说明畜禽粪便资源、利用和污染等受关注程度骤然提升。政策分析表明,目前在畜禽粪便政策管理中存在法律法规体系不完善、监管力度不足、缺乏有效奖励机制、区域规划不合理、利用途径少成本高和畜禽粪便处理技术水平较低等问题。根据目前畜禽粪便生产与管理的实际情况,提出完善法律法规和标准体系、构建市场交易机制及加强技术产业支持等建议。

An overview of current situation and prospects on livestock excrement management policies in China

In order to study the current situation of policy making and implementation of management of livestock and poultry manure in China, and put forward suggestions on the development of animal husbandry and the treatment and utilization of animal manure, the number of related literatures on animal manure in China published from 1980 to 2018 were summarized. The documents on livestock and poultry excrement management policies, plans and standards issued by the state government departments from 2000 to 2018(27), as well as the relevant regulations and standards issued by the provincial and municipal governments(78)were analyzed. The results showed that: The number of papers on livestock and poultry excrement in China(excluding Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan Province)was summarized from 1980 to 1997, and it was found that there was a slow upward trend, with the annual number of papers ranging from 1 to 23 per year. However, the number of papers published from 1998 to 2017 increased from 28 to 688 per year, which showed that the attention of livestock and poultry manure resources, utilization and pollution increased sharply during this period. The results of policy analysis showed that there were many problems in the management of livestock and poultry excrement policy, such as imperfect laws and regulations, inadequate supervision, lack of effective incentive mechanism, unreasonable regional planning, low cost of utilization and low level of livestock and poultry excrement treatment technology and so on. According to the actual situation of production and management of livestock and poultry manure at present, some suggestions were put forward, such as improving laws and regulations and standard system, building market trading mechanism and strengthening technical industry support and so on.