两晋时期农业雹灾冻害特点及原因探析——以《晋书》为例

两晋时期雹灾、霜雪等农业灾害频繁发生,造成了严重危害。基于《晋书》所载史料及相关文献,本文系统梳理和统计了两晋时期农业雹灾冻害的发生特点和分布规律,并总结了其主要成因和灾害影响范围。研究发现,农业雹灾冻害的发生在季节上以夏、秋两季为主;在年份上主要集中在西晋武帝、西晋惠帝和东晋安帝三个时期;在受灾地点上以司州为最严重;在波及范围上以太康二年(281)涉及34个地区为最广。以上农业灾害的发生,与当时气候间歇变化和频繁战争有着深刻的联系。

Analysis of Characteristics and Causes of Hail and Frost Disasters in Jin Dynasties:A Case Study of Book of Jin

During the Jin dynasties,disasters such as hail and frost occurred frequently,causing great harm to agriculture.Based on the historical materials from Book of Jin and relevant documents,this paper systematically sorts out and records the occurrence characteristics and distribution of hail and frost in the Jin Dynasties,and summarizes its main causes and impact scope.It shows that the hail and frost disasters mainly occurred in summers and autumns,especially during the three periods of Wudi,Huidi and Andi,the most hit area was Sizhou,and the number of affected areas in the second year of Taikang’s reign(A.D.281)reached the record of 34.The occurrence of the above agricultural disasters was mainly linked to the intermittent climate changes and frequent wars at that time.