甘蔗在澳大利亚的传播及蔗糖业的发展

1788年,欧洲白人将甘蔗从旧大陆带入澳大利亚栽种。殖民早期,他们广泛种植粮食作物以解决生存危机,甘蔗作为典型经济作物并未受到足够重视。19世纪后半期,在全球蔗糖需求的刺激下,随着甘蔗栽种技术的提升、有色劳工的补充及制糖业的发展,澳大利亚的甘蔗栽种面积稳步增长。蔗糖业的迅速发展使其成为了继小麦之后澳大利亚的第二大农作物支柱产业,更是直接推动了澳大利亚资本主义的发展。旧大陆甘蔗传入新大陆,不仅是农作物的传播,更是新旧大陆农业文明交流的重要结晶,对澳大利亚本土农业和环境都造成了不可估量的重要影响。

On Spread of Sugarcane in Australia and the Development of Sugar Industry

European introduced sugarcane from the Old World to Australia in 1788.As a cash crop,sugar cane,however,did not get enough attention in the early days of colonization because those colonists planted cereal crop to solve their survival crisis widely.It was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that the area for growing sugar cane proliferated steadily with the stimulation of its global demand,the improvement of plant technology,the supplement of colored labors and the development of sugar industry.The sugar industry,therefore,became the second large supportive industry that followed the wheat industry and then facilitated the development of Australian capitalism.The introduction of sugarcane into Australia not only helped the spread of crops,but also promoted the exchange of agricultural civilization,which had an inestimable impact on local agriculture and environment of Australia.