经济学视角下农业水资源生产率研究进展

为厘清中国农业水资源的研究现状和方向,探究农业水资源生产率概念区别、评价方法和提高路径,采用文献综述的研究方法,对已有研究进行系统性总结和梳理。结果表明:第一,农业水资源生产率的经济学含义为,在相同的技术水平和产出下,投入单位农业水资源量的经济产出,故需要控制相关变量的影响下,才能在不同个体间直接比较;第二,经济学评价方法包括全要素生产率指数法、前沿面模型法和演绎类方法等,前沿面模型法中,全要素农业水资源生产效率可以更加全面的评价农业水资源生产率;演绎类方法中,水文模型与可计算一般均衡模型结合的复合模型可以综合多学科的研究优势;第三,农业水资源生产率的直接路径包括农业水资源开发、灌溉节水技术扩散,间接路径包括市场化政策、农户节水激励和农业水资源管理组织,明确多种路径间的相互作用是制定综合管理模式的关键。因此,农业水资源生产率的经济学研究需要在综合框架下开展,包括明确研究目标、加强学科间合作、制定区域差异化提升策略等。

Research progress on agricultural water resource productivity under the perspective of economy

Basing on the method of literature review to systematically summarize and sort out literatures, this study analyzes the status and trend of agricultural water resources'' research in China, and explores the concept difference, evaluation method and paths of improving agricultural water resources productivity. The results show that: Firstly, the agricultural water resource productivity is defined conceptually as economic output per unit of agricultural water resource under the same economic environment and technical coditions, which requires to control effect of other factors so that can be directly compared among different units. Secondly, economics evaluation methods mainly include total factor productivity indices, frontier model methods and deductive methods. Especially, in the frontier model methods, agricultural water resource productivity can be more comprehensively evaluated by total-factor agricultural water resource efficiency. In the deductive methods, the compound model combined with hydrological model and computational general equilibrium model can synthesize multidisciplinary advantages. Finally, in terms of improving paths, the direct paths include agricultural water resource development and irrigation water-saving technology diffusion. The indirect paths include market-oriented policies, farmers'' water-saving incentives and agricultural water resource management organizations. It is the key to establish integrated management mode to make clear the interaction between multiple paths. In conclusion, economic researches on agricultural water resource productivity need to be studied under comprehensive framework in the future, including defining research objectives, strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation and formulating promotion strategies on regional differentiation.