高温闷棚对设施蔬菜根结线虫的防治效果及土壤微生物群落结构的影响

【目的】研究高温闷棚对蔬菜根结线虫和根际土壤微生物群落的影响。【方法】采用田间小区试验和高通量测序技术方法。【结果】高温闷棚后,灌水+覆膜处理和灌水+覆膜+药剂处理10 cm深土壤温度在60℃以上,持续时间50 min,根结线虫虫口减退率为100%,显著高于灌水未覆膜处理。高温增加了真菌和细菌物种丰度和多样性,但灌水+覆膜+阿维菌素处理的真菌物种丰度和多样性下降。生菜采收期,真菌物种丰度增加,多样性下降,细菌物种丰度和多样性均增加。高温促进了链格孢属、枝孢属真菌和uncultured_bacterium_c_S0134_terrestrial_group细菌繁殖,抑制了鞘氨醇单胞菌属繁殖。【结论】灌水+覆膜的闷棚方式可有效防治根结线虫且可影响土壤中微生物群落结构,下茬生菜生长期,土壤中微生物群落逐步恢复,该闷棚方式适宜在新疆温室蔬菜应用。

Effects of High Temperature Closed Greenhouse on the Control of Protected Vegetable Root-Knot Nematode and the Structure of Soil Microbial Community

【Objective】 Root knot nematode is one of the important diseases of facility vegetables, which has become an obstacle to the facility vegetables development in Xinjiang, in view of this, our project aims to explore effects of high temperature closed greenhouse on the control of vegetable root-knot nematode and the microbial community. 【Method】 Plot experiments and high-throughput sequencing technology were used in this study. 【Results】 The results showed that the temperature of 10cm deep soil with irrigation + mulching and irrigation + mulching + fungicide was above 60℃ and lasted for 50 minutes, and decrease rate of knot nematodes was 100%, which was significantly higher than that by the irrigation without mulching. The abundance and diversity of fungi and bacteria were increased by high temperature, however, the abundance and diversity of fungal species treated with abamectin under irrigation decreased. The abundance of fungi was increased, the diversity was decreased, and bacteria were increased in lettuce harvest time. The reproduction of Alternaria, Cladosporium and uncultured bacterium-c-S0134-terrestrial-group were promoted, and Sphingomonas was inhibited by the high temperature. 【Conclusion】 The irrigation and film mulching of high temperature closed greenhouse can effectively control root knot nematode and affect the microbial community structure in the soil. During the growth period of next crop lettuce, the microbial community in soil gradually recovers. The closed shed is suitable for the application of greenhouse vegetables in Xinjiang.