土壤–植物营养学家朱兆良先生的科学研究与贡献

朱兆良先生是我国著名的土壤-植物营养学家,土壤氮素转化与农田氮素管理研究方面的拓荒者和学术带头人之一。他围绕太湖地区熟制改革后出现的稻田"氮肥胃口增大"问题和在争取作物高产中盲目增加氮肥施用量问题,对稻田土壤供氮能力进行了定量解析和研究,提出了"区域总量控制与田块微调相结合"的氮肥适宜施用量的推荐方法。他致力于农田中氮肥去向的定量研究,首次估算出我国农田中氮肥的当季利用率和损失率,以及不同损失途径的相对比例。他对推动我国土壤氮素研究,发展符合我国国情、农学效应和环境效应相协调的氮素管理原则和技术作出了积极贡献。他还积极推动学科发展,组织编写《中国土壤氮素》等专著;在封丘建立肥料长期定位试验,为相关学科研究提供研究平台;积极参与和推动国际学术交流活动,提高我国土壤氮素研究在国际上的影响力。此外,朱兆良先生还立足专业针对如何治理我国农业面源污染和保障我国粮食安全问题,提出了对策和建议。

Scientific Research and Contributions of Soil-Plant Nutrition Scientist ZHU Zhaoliang

ZHU Zhaoliang is a famous expert in soil-plant nutrition and one of the pioneers and leading scientists in soil nitrogen transformation and nitrogen management for crop production in China. He studied soil nitrogen supplying capacity and supplying pattern of paddy field in Suzhou and differentiated the supplying capacity into soil-origin and nonsoil-origin, elucidated the reason of increased demand for nitrogen fertilizer application rate of rice in rice–rice–wheat cropping system compared with that in rice-wheat cropping system in the Taihu Lake region, and proposed an approach in recommending the optimal application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, i.e., 'regional control in combination with tuning according to the specific field conditions' based on the regional mean optimal application rate of nitrogen fertilizer. He quantitatively studied the fate of nitrogen fertilizer in situ in the field, and for the first time, estimated the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer by crop plants in China and the total loss, as well as the losses via different pathways in the field. He actively promoted the development of the disciplines, organized the compilation of Nitrogen in Soils of China and other monographs. He established the long-term field experiment of chemical fertilizer in The State Experimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu as a research platform for relevant studies. He actively participated and promoted international academic exchange activities. In addition, he focused on exploring ways to remediate the non-point source pollution in China and to solve the food security issues.