不同生态环境对四川小麦品种(系)籽粒淀粉含量及理化特性的影响

为了明确不同生态点对不同小麦品种籽粒淀粉含量及理化特性的影响,对四川省27个小麦品种(系)在四个生态点(温江、西昌、崇州、仁寿)3年的籽粒淀粉总含量、直链/支链淀粉比例(直/支比)以及小麦淀粉糊化温度等参数进行了分析。结果表明,同一个生态点的小麦淀粉品质指标在不同年份间没有显著差异;同一性状在不同生态点间存在一定的差异,仁寿地区的小麦淀粉直/支比和直链淀粉含量显著高于其他三个生态点,总淀粉含量显著高于崇州点;仁寿和崇州地区的小麦淀粉糊化初始温度显著高于其他两个生态点,且仁寿地区的小麦淀粉糊化峰值温度和结束温度均显著高于温江地区。淀粉组成对淀粉的糊化特性有一定影响,且总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、直/支比与淀粉的糊化特性之间均存在显著正相关关系。不同气象因子对小麦淀粉不同品质指标影响程度不同,其中,降雨量、温度和光照时间对大多数淀粉品质指标有显著影响。

Effect of Different Ecological Environments on Content and Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Wheat Varieties(Lines) in Sichuan Province

In order to clarify the effects of different ecological zones and varieties on starch content and physicochemical properties of wheat grains, 27 wheat varieties(lines) in Sichuan Province were selected to study the total starch content, amylose/amylopectin ratio and temperature of starch gelatinization of wheat grains in four ecological zones(Wenjiang, Xichang, Chongzhou and Renshou) within three years. The results showed that there was no significant difference in quality-related traits of starch among different years within the same ecological zone, but there were some differences for the same trait among different ecological zones. The amylose/amylopectin ratio and amylose content of wheat starch at Renshou were significantly higher than those at the other three ecological zones, and the total starch content was significantly higher than that at Chongzhou. The initial temperature of wheat starch gelatinization at Renshou and Chongzhou was significantly higher than that at the other two ecological sites, and the peak temperature and the end temperature of wheat starch gelatinization at Renshou were both significantly higher than those at Wenjiang. The starch composition had a certain influence on the gelatinization characteristics of starch, and there was a significant positive correlation between the total starch content, amylose content, amylose/amylopectin ratio and the gelatinization characteristics of starch. Different meteorological factors have different effects on different starch quality traits of wheat, among which rainfall, temperature and sunshine time have significant effects on most of the starch quality traits.