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果园土壤污染的生物修复
引用本文:王宝申,王炳华,高树青,刘秀春,高艳敏,陈宝江,杨华.果园土壤污染的生物修复[J].农业科学与技术,2009,10(5):154-157.
作者姓名:王宝申  王炳华  高树青  刘秀春  高艳敏  陈宝江  杨华
作者单位:辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁营口115009
基金项目:辽宁省自然科学基金项目 
摘    要:目的]弄清土壤污染的生物修复作用机理。方法]通过果园田间试验和土壤模拟试验,研究施用果树生物有机肥对果园土壤中酶活性(土壤多酚氧化酶用邻苯三酚比色法测定,蔗糖酶用磷钼酸比色法测定,磷酸酶用磷酸苯二钠法测定,脲酶用靛酚比色法测定)、有害重金属的吸附-解吸作用、土壤微生物区系、有害病源菌数量的影响,以摸清施用果树生物有机肥对果园土壤生物修复的作用。结果]生物有机肥提高了根域土壤多酚氧化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的活力,提高幅度分别为0.4~0.7mg/g、0.09~0.12mg/g、0.4~0.5mg/g;降低了土壤蔗糖酶活性,降低幅度为0.4~0.8mg/g。生物有机肥促进了根域土壤对Pb^2+等重金属的钝化。吸附曲线表明,生物有机肥、鸡粪对Pb“的吸附量在溶液中Pb2+的初始浓度为200mg/L时达到最大(分别为61.7、24.7ms/kg),且生物有机肥对Pb^2+的吸附量始终大于干鸡粪(高6.O%~20%);解吸曲线表明,生物肥、鸡粪在溶液中Pb^2+初始浓度为600mg/L时,对Pb^2+的释放量达到最大(分别为14.1、21.0mg/kg),且生物肥对Pb^2+的解吸释放量始终低于干鸡粪(低3.1%~18.6%)。生物有机肥增加了有益真菌、放线菌、细菌等活性菌的数量,增幅分别为0.7~1.4倍、1.0~1.5倍、0.4~3.0倍,其中土壤硅酸盐细菌增加了0.15~3.50倍。生物有机肥降低了根腐病菌、疫腐病菌、白/紫纹羽病菌和线虫等有害生物的数量,其中,果园根域土壤白/紫纹羽病菌及白绢病菌的数量,施生物有机肥的平均比施用干鸡粪的下降了29.4%,比未施有机肥的下降了55.4%,经方差检验差异极显著。结论]该研究为生物有机肥在果实上的推广应用提供了依据。

关 键 词:果园土壤  生物修复  生物有机肥

Bioremediation of Soil Pollution in Orchard
WANG Bao-shen,WANG Bing-hua,GAO Shu-qing,LlU Xiu-chun,GAO Yan-min,CHEN Bao-jiang,YANG Hua.Bioremediation of Soil Pollution in Orchard[J].Agricultural Science & Technology,2009,10(5):154-157.
Authors:WANG Bao-shen  WANG Bing-hua  GAO Shu-qing  LlU Xiu-chun  GAO Yan-min  CHEN Bao-jiang  YANG Hua
Institution:(Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009)
Abstract: Objective ] The aim was to study the bioremediation mechanism of soil pollution. Method ] The effects of applying biological organic fertilizers on the bioremediation of soil pollution in orchard were studid by experiment in orchard field and soil simulative experiment. Result] The biological organic fertilizers improved the activities of enzymes like polyphenol oxidase, urease, phosphatase, etc. in root-zone soil, promoted the passivation of heavy metals like Cd^2+ , Pb^2+ , Cr^3+ , As^8+ , etc. in root-zone soil, increased the quantities of useful active bacterium like beneficial fungi, actinomycetes, bacterium, etc. and decreased the quantities of harmful biology (like Fusarium oxysporum, Moniliophthora roreri, Ruselliniu necutrix/Helicobasidium mompa, nematode, etc. Conclusion] The study results provide some references for the popularization and application of biological organic fertilizers on fruit trees.
Keywords:Orchard soil  Bioremediation  Biological organic fertilizers
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