蝴蝶兰类圆球茎的化学诱变试验

用不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和叠氮化钠(NaN3)对蝴蝶兰类圆球茎(PLB)作不同时间处理。结果显示:EMS和NaN3均可使部分PLB白化或褐化并逐渐致死。0.4%EMS接近PLB半致死剂量。PLB切片观察发现:用EMS和NaN3处理均可使细胞体积增大,细胞形状改变,细胞质浓缩。较高浓度NaN3处理的PLB细胞中出现晶体物质、双核、畸形核和核仁丢失等现象。较高浓度EMS处理的PLB细胞中出现微核、畸形核、多核、核破裂和核仁丢失等现象。同浓度的同种诱变剂随处理时间的增加材料的变异程度有增大趋势,但不很显著。EMS比NaN3的诱变处理效果好。0.5%EMS可作为创造蝴蝶兰PLB突变体的参考浓度。

THE PLB CHEMICAL INDUCED MUTAGENESIS AND REGENERATION OF Phalaenopsis

The PLB of Phalaenopsis was treated by EMS and NaN3 with different concentration and different time .The results showed that EMS and NaN3 could made parts of the PLB grow white and brown, and killed them gradually. 0.4% EMS was close to the LD50 of the PLB. Microspores studies showed that EMS or NaN3 treatment augmented cell volume, altered cell shape and concentrated cytoplasm. In the treatment of higher concentration of NaN3, some cells appeared crystalloid, two nuclei, abnormal nucleus, nucleolus losing. Treated by higher concentration of EMS, some ceils appeared micronuclei, abnormal nucleus, poly nuclei, broken nucleus, and nucleolus losing. The same mutagen in the same concentration could increase the ratio of mutagen to PLB with the extended time. EMS was better than NaN3 in effect. O. 5 % EMS could be acted as the reference concentration to create the mutants of Phalaenopsis.