人为干扰活动对沂蒙山区麻栎林群落结构和水文性能的影响

为了探讨人为干扰对林分结构和水文性能的影响,采用样地调查和试验观测方法,研究沂蒙山区麻栎林在封禁保育、放牧樵采和禁牧禁伐干扰下灌草植被多样性和水文性能.结果表明：1）放牧樵采干扰导致麻栎林群落灌草多样性和水文性能明显下降.与封禁保育群落相比,灌草植被盖度、多样性和均匀度指数降低了83.0％、88.7％和85.1％;土壤总孔隙度、稳渗速率和林地枯落物持水量减小了44.2％、76.7％和43.7％.2）实施禁牧禁伐保护能明显改善麻栎林群落的植物多样性和水文性能,与放牧樵采干扰群落相比,灌草植被盖度、多样性和均匀度指数提高了520％、613％和532％,土壤总孔隙度、稳渗速率和枯落物持水量高了30.3％、103.7％和28.0％.3）麻栎林群落的灌草植被盖度,与植物多样性测度及水文性能指标之间存在明显的正相关关系,其大小可作为综合表征群落多样性和水文功能退化或恢复程度的指标.

Impact of human disturbance on community structure and hydrological functions of Quercus acutissima forest in Yimeng Mountain area

In order to explore the change of community structure and hydrological functions of Quercus acutissima forest at different human disturbance levels, three typical Q. acutissima forests under enclosure, grazing and overcutting, grazing- and overcutting-forbidden measures were studied. The results are as follows. 1 ） Grazing and overcutting directly lead to the significant degradation of community structure and weakening of hydrological functions. Compared to the enclosure measure, grazing and overcutting measures lead to a great reduction of community coverage by 83.0% , and decrease the community diversity and community evenness by 88.7% and 85. 1% respectively. The hydrologicalfunctions of forest in terms of total soil porosity, stable infiltration coefficients, and water-holding capacity of litter, are also significantly reduced by 44.2% , 76.7% and 43.7% , respectively. 2） On the contrary, grazing- and overcutting-forbidden measure is favorable to the recovery of community structure and hydrological functions. Compared to grazing and overcutting, some indexes such as community coverage, diversity, evenness, total soil porosity, stable infiltration coefficients, and water-holding capacity of litter are increased by 520% , 613% , 532% , 30.3% , 103.7% and 28.0% respectively. 3） Hydrological function indexes are well correlated linearly with community coverage index. The higher the community coverage, the better the hydrological functions. Community coverage can serve as an important index of forest structure and functional degradation or restoration.