Bacterial zoonoses of fishes: A review and appraisal of evidence for linkages between fish and human infections |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Main Island Road, West Farm, Saint Kitts and Nevis;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Main Island Road, West Farm, Saint Kitts and Nevis;3. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;4. Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;1. Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China;3. OIE, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy;1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;2. Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;3. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;4. Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;5. Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;6. Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt;7. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt;1. Guanxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China;2. Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China;3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China;1. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China;2. School of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China |
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| Abstract: | Human contact with and consumption of fishes presents hazards from a range of bacterial zoonotic infections. Whereas many bacterial pathogens have been presented as fish-borne zoonoses on the basis of epidemiological and phenotypic evidence, genetic identity between fish and human isolates is not frequently examined or does not provide support for transmission between these hosts. In order to accurately assess the zoonotic risk from exposure to fishes in the context of aquaculture, wild fisheries and ornamental aquaria, it is important to critically examine evidence of linkages between bacteria infecting fishes and humans. This article reviews bacteria typically presented as fish-borne zoonoses, and examines the current strength of evidence for this classification. Of bacteria generally described as fish-borne zoonoses, only Mycobacterium spp., Streptococcus iniae, Clostridium botulinum, and Vibrio vulnificus appear to be well-supported as zoonoses in the strict sense. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, while transmissible from fishes to humans, does not cause disease in fishes and is therefore excluded from the list. Some epidemiological and/or molecular linkages have been made between other bacteria infecting both fishes and humans, but more work is needed to elucidate routes of transmission and the identity of these pathogens in their respective hosts at the genomic level. |
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